1984 George Orwell Essay Example For Students

1984 George Orwell Essay George Orwell is one of the most popular creators all things considered. He had a hard existence, And battled a genuine disease which inevitably murdered him. He has a wide assortment of works. Probably the most celebrated works are Animal Farm and 1984. There is three obvious Characteristics contained in his works, These are: rearrangements in his accounts, compassion toward the common laborers, and utilizing his own background. George Orwell was a popular writer who composed numerous books and papers. His genuine name was Eric Author Blair. He was conceived in Motihari close to Bengal, India on June 25 19031. He was conceived in a Lower upper white collar class family2. A couple of years after Orwells birth his family moved to England, where he got regular upbringing.3In July 1936 George Orwell and his significant other, Eileen Nee OShaugnessy participated in battling for political convictions in the Spanish Civil War. They joined a little Marxist gathering called P.O.U.M. Orwell composed a few books about the encounters that gathered during this time. These books are viewed as the absolute most all around archived works of the war. When WWII came around Orwell enrolled in the British armed force, however was turned down. Rather than battling on the forefront he headed the Indian assistance of the Britinnica British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 4. In the spring of 1937, George Orwell was coming back from the cutting edge in Alcubierre with the BBC when he was injured in the neck by an expert marksman bullet5. The injury left Orwell incapable to talk, and somewhat incapacitated in one arm6. This was the start of Orwells decrease in wellbeing, and the decay of his composition. A couple of years after the fact he was determined to have tuberculosis, and kicked the bucket on January 21, 19507. The primary trademark that is clear in George Orwells composing is the disentanglement in his writing8. Orwell is frequently given acknowledgment for writing such that everybody can comprehend and identify with something9. An ideal case of his straightforwardness is in the book Animal Farm. The characters in this book are farm animals that speak to individuals in the Russian Revolution. Orwells purpose behind utilizing the farm animals was to make it simpler for the less instructed individuals to recognize what occurred in the Russian Revolution. Another trademark that is obvious in Orwells compositions is his compassion toward the regular workers. The book Coming Up for Air emphatically expressed Orwells sees for the white collar class individuals to revolt, and take over themselves10. The epic extraordinarily underscores the requirement for the white collar class to stir from their semi-sedation and become mindful of the political happenings around them11. This trademark is likewise obvious in Animal Farm. The livestock (average workers) are effective at toppling rancher Jones12. Another apparent trademark in Orwells works is his utilization of his own background. In Such, Such Were the Joys, a long paper; Orwell portrayed his youth as he was developing up13. Orwell got a lot of analysis from the individuals in the book, on the grounds that the manner in which he depicted their attributes and personalities14. Another book that was expounded on his own background was Down and Out in Paris. In this book he portrays his life when he lived in the ghettos of Paris. Orwell masterminded it so that it appeared as though it was fiction to most perusers, however in certainty it was real15. The book Animal Farm is a parody of the Russian reveloution16. The setting is in a little ranch in England. The book begins with the oldest pig assembling the various animals into a gathering, He discusses a fantasy about rebelling against the rancher who is in control. The creatures lead an effective revolt, and afterward assume responsibility for overseeing themselves. It begins where all the creatures are equivalent to one another. At that point it changes to all creatures are equivalent, yet some are superior to other people. At last it is changed to all creatures are equivalent, yet pigs are superior to every one of them. The imagery in this novel is extraordinary, and each creature can be coordinated up to a key individual in the Russian Revolution. .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .postImageUrl , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:hover , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:visited , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:active { border:0!important; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:active , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua682d6904cd 45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Should Human Cloning Be Permitted? EssayThe part of improvement is exceptionally apparent in the story Animal Farm. The entire plot of the story is portraying what occurred during the Russian Revolution17. Farm animals supplant the entirety of the characters. In this book Orwell shows the ineptitude of a portion of the individuals in question. He additionally shows that it is so natural to convince individuals to have faith in the things you need. The greatest perspective that Orwell gets through is that all upsets fall flat, and there is consistently corruption18. Another part of Orwells composing that is obvious is his compa ssion to the working class19. In the novel Animal Farm, Orwell composed it in a way with the goal that the less taught could get it. In the book Down and Out in Paris he composed distinctive pictures to make individuals mindful of life in the slums20. This book likewise urged individuals to assist the less lucky. Orwell frequently stood up against political officials, and their activities that exploited the lower class individuals. Again the book Animal Farm is a genuine case of this characteristic. The entire book is taking a stand in opposition to the Russian Revolution. It shows what continued during this period so the individuals could keep this from happening once more. One of Orwells most broadly utilized style is ending his own background and placing them into his accounts. In an article Such, Such Were the Joys is truly depicting the encounters he experienced while he was in basic school21. Another fine case of this attribute is in Down and Out in Paris. In this book Orwell discusses the encounters he had while living in the ghettos of Paris22. The writing in this book is distinctive to the point, that numerous individuals believed that it was anecdotal when they originally read it. Numerous individuals and pundits don't consider Orwell a genuine creator. They think about his work as fiction, and not intended to be taken truly. However, because of Orwells utilization of disentanglement, compassion toward the common laborers, and utilizing his own background makes almost certainly that he was one of the most remarkable creator within recent memory.

Report Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report Critique - Assignment Example The Turnaround gathering of examiners considered the six best performing organizations in the business, which is without a doubt a sensible number to respect in aggregating the report. This bit of composing investigations the exit plan given by the clarification arranged by the group. The Turnaround investigate team’s thought of rating Lions Gate Entertainment’s organization as the low performing firm is frightfully exact considering the corporation’s portfolio expansion, influence level, gainfulness and market designation. By and by, the firm performs profoundly in video creation contrasted with different contenders. The Turnaround group in this way thought about the general business execution, which is especially conceivable. The initial six organizations in the Motion Picture and Video creation industry involve the market center. The main six organizations includes 91.2% market ingestion and encounters a savage rivalry among themselves surrendering Lionâ€℠¢s Gate Entertainment Company with just 4.3% of the market portion (Davidson et al 1) . High gainfulness in this built up organizations are brought about by different variables going from the obstructions forced by the current firms, purchasers haggling power, medium provider power and the economies of scale delighted in by the organizations. The monetary abilities of the main six Motion Picture and Videos creation organizations have empowered them to gain exceptionally created innovations and brawny special systems in this way covering a more extensive market. The money related ability helps the medium provider influence by utilizing superstars and imaginative craftsmen in their Video creation subsequently drawing in bigger group. Investors’ self-conviction is likewise raised on these organizations because of a top notch standing appreciated by the gigantic organizations in this manner empowering speculations. The need to concentrate on the taste and satisfaction of the popu lace is also significant in pulling in an enormous client base as clarified by the group (Davidson et al 2-3). Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation ought to set out on having a huge hazard resilience portfolio, which in the end increments investors’ certainty, and broadening client base. Nonetheless, the expansion of portfolio doesn't legitimately raise client base as guaranteed by the report. The Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation should build its interest underway so as to expand their overall revenue as clarified by the group. The bigger firms appear to put much in video creation therefore expanding their pay. This can likewise apply in the Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation for higher gainfulness. The way that Lions Gate Entertainment Company has lower cost of creation isn't sufficient since the group further discloses the higher obligation to value proportion, which legitimately influences the net benefit of the firm. The investors loath the profits in light of the f act that a bigger measure of benefit is utilized to pay the indebted individuals. The Lions Gate Entertainment firm can't accordingly utilize expansion procedure appropriately because of its financial insufficiency. Besides, the money related failure causes the enterprise to have an ease spending plan, which can't be deciphered as effectiveness due to diseconomies of scale. In spite of the fact that, Lions Gate has extended its portfolios, it encounters a general total deficit because of its unfruitful auxiliaries subsequently diminishing its profits. The group recommendation that the

Why is it That Teachers Prefer Teacher Essay Writing?

Why is it That Teachers Prefer Teacher Essay Writing?Why is it that teachers prefer writing teacher essays? Is it simply because teachers are more qualified to do so? Is it because they are more experienced than most students?Some teachers feel that essays are not really part of the course. They are given to students who cannot write, perhaps because they have not had a lot of time to learn or maybe because they are so busy with the demands of their own lives. However, teacher essay writing does need to be done correctly, and it is a way for a teacher to document a particular aspect of the teaching.It could also be due to the fact that writing an essay can be easier than it is for students. For a student, the entire process is more complicated. Writing a good essay can be a daunting task for many teachers, as there are so many considerations to take into account. It is no wonder that teachers prefer to let the students handle it.Student essay writing may require a great deal of resea rch, but it can be worth it in the end. Although many students may take on this task as a kind of extra-curricular activity, it can be very beneficial to a student's education. It is a great learning experience for both the student and the teacher. Not only do they get to see what writing really is all about, but they also make friends with other writers in the process.In addition, writing an essay is always preferable to having the assignment assigned to you. If you are constantly being asked to write your essay and have to pass it off to somebody else to proofread and edit, it can get old. It is better to just let the students do the work. It will be their essay and they should be the ones who get to decide how it will turn out.When a student is assigned to write an essay, they will be expected to put their own efforts into it. However, that does not mean that they will not be required to learn the skills of good writing and how to use those skills in the best way possible. There is still plenty of room for improvement, and the writer will be encouraged to do so by the author of the assignment.In addition, there are lots of resources available for teachers on how to write an essay effectively, which can be used as good examples in the process. Books are an obvious source, but there are also online sources, blogs, and even YouTube videos that can serve as examples of how things should be done. The teacher will be given several different samples to choose from, and the student will get to see a variety of examples of different types of essay.This does not mean that the essay is going to be easy to write. Every essay is going to have its own unique challenges. However, if the student is given clear guidelines as to what they should do, they can be sure that they will not have any problems with the writing process. Being aware of these things helps the student become a better writer, and that is a great thing.

Clinical Rotation At St. Anthony Hospital - 995 Words

This clinical rotation differs from my previous OB rotation last semester. I did my OB rotation at St. Anthony Hospital and compared to it, OU Children’s Hospital is different. At St. Anthony, we don’t have much opportunity to see the birth of a baby, but here at the OU Children Hospital, the first thing I walked in is either in the middle of labor or that a labor is about to happen. This may due to the month. I assume that there are more babies born in June than in May. On my first day, my preceptor and I took care of a patient with hematoma as a result from giving birth. This patient lost more than 500cc of blood. We massaged her fundus and straight cath her. Finally, we insert a Foley catheter. At once point, when the midwife checked her and massaged the patient’s fundus, a tennis ball size blood clot flew out of her vagina. I was surprised and amazed. She massaged it again and more blood clots shot out, almost missed the end of the bed and flew to the floor. From this experience, I learned not to stand at the bottom of the bed when someone is giving someone a fundus massage. This is an interesting sight and I would never expect to see something like this to happen. On my second day, the first labor I witnessed took place very fast. The mother doesn’t have to do much pushing and the baby slipped out of her. During this time, the only nurse available is my preceptor. This is not what I expected to happen based on my experience from last semester clinical simulation andShow MoreRelatedPresent Day Robotic Surgery and Beyond8509 Words   |  35 PagesRobotic surgery has been on the rise since its approval in 1997, spreading to hospitals and surgical centers all over the United States and seen Internationally. This increase in technology in the medical field could be either a remarkable change or the medical industries worst â€Å"Terminator† nightmares. This type of surgery has been revolutionary to the surgical field, by creating machines that are capable of more procedures and higher precision than the machine before. Using information found inRead MoreLas 432 Course Capstone Project [Remote/Robotic Surgeries]8094 Words   |  33 PagesSociological Effects 17 Psychological Considerations 17 Sociological Effects 19 Future Technology 20 The technology in its cultural context, media influence 21 Cultural Contents 23 Conclusion 24 Environmental Implications 24 Environment 24 Clinical 25 Human Anatomical 25 Patient 26 Provider 27 Surgical Room 28 Staff Training 28 Moral and Ethical Implications 29 Moral 29 Patient Reactions 29 Health Concerns 30 Surgeon Self-Improvement 30 Ethical 31 Ethical Dilemmas 31 Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pageseffective interventions in many institutional and intellectual spheres. 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The Positive Relationship Between Inflation And Inflation

Some variables in Economics are very closely related to each other. In many cases, the combination of these variables can have an unexpected effect on the economy. One of these examples can be observed when we compare inflation and unemployment rate. To establish this comparison in a short-run period of time, it will be beneficial to use the Phillip Curve. This curve can be used as a tool to represent the positive relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short-run. In order to comprehend the positive relationship between inflation and unemployment first, we must know what inflation is, how we define unemployment, and how we can use the Phillip Curve to make a functional comparison of these two variables. Moreover, it will be very beneficial to analyze how expansionary fiscal policies affect the relationship between unemployment and inflation. If we understand the meaning of each of these variables in the economy, it will be easier to comprehend the logic of a short-run trade-off between unemployment and inflation. Inflation can be described as the sustained increase in the level price of goods and services over a period of time. Inflation can affect the economy in positive and negative ways. One of the negative ways in which inflation affects the economy is that it increases the opportunity cost of holding money, in other words, it decreases the real value of money. Inflation is said to occur when there is an excessive increase in the money supply. AmongShow MoreRelatedPhillips Curve Methodology Is Used On An Information Set Of 35 Years Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pageshelps in analyzing the relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment. There is a non-relative negative relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment (if unemployment is decreased than there is a rising value level in the economy). There is a long-run and easygoing relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment over the above-mentioned period in Pakistan. There is a momentary relationship (stuns) in the short-run, while there is a lasting relationship (stuns) over the longRead MoreThe Phillips Curve and The Quantity Theory of Money1128 Words   |  4 Pagesinverse relationship between inflation rate and the unemployment rate. When the unemployment was high, the inflation rate would be low; the inflation rate was high, the unemployment rate would be low. Here we have the statistics data of the inflation rate and unemployment rate from 2007-2011. On the other hand, Phillipss â€Å"curve† also represented the average relationship between unemployment and wage behavior over the business cycle. 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The economic specialists argue, that inflation effect economic growth of nations by decreasing domestic and foreign saving, inefficiency and ineffectiveness of resource allocation and declining balance of payment. Fischer and Modigliani (1980) suggested that there is a nonlinear and negative relationship between the rate of inflation and economic growth. Similarly,Read MoreThe Determinant Factors Of Equity Return1513 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions, the rate of inflation, and external conditions. The relationship between economic conditions and the rate of inflation in determining equity returns could be different in each country. Refer to Fisher theory, where shares are against inflation, so when the inflation is increasing, it will lead to the proportional changes of equity returns (Ghafoor et al. 2014, p.149). However, this theory has been challenged by Fama cited in Madsen (2005), indicat es that besides inflation, income growth isRead More The Federal Reserve System Essay example1453 Words   |  6 Pagesshould simply pursue policies to eliminate inflation. Zero inflation may help the market to avoid imbalances, stabilize the business cycle, and promote steady growth in our economy. On the other hand, zero inflation may not reduce unemployment. It may not promote a higher rate of saving and investment, and it may increase income inequality by redistributing income to the high-income people from the low-income people. 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The famous equation is i = r + Ï€, nominal interest rate equals real interest rate plus inflation. This is basically saying that the nominal interest rate can be changed by a change in either the real interest rate or inflation. The Fisher effect is the one to one relatio nship between the inflation rate and the nominalRead MoreEconometrics Project1284 Words   |  6 Pages– 2011 April 24, 2010 Abstract The goal of this paper is to estimate the relationship between personal consumption and personal income among all Americans over the past 30 years. The data includes annual records for the four variables between the years 1980 and 2011. I have analyzed this data using the Ordinary Least Squares Method and ran a regression analysis in order to observe the relationship between my variables. In my model, I have used Real Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE)Read MoreThe Effect Of Inflation On The Economy822 Words   |  4 Pagestool to represent the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short-run. In order to comprehend this inverse relationship, we must first know what inflation is, how we define unemployment, and how these two variables are connected using the Phillip Curve. If we understand the meaning of each one of these variables in the economy, it will be easier to comprehend the logic of a short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation. Inflation, in the economic, can be described

The Tenure System Should Be Abolished - 952 Words

The tenure is a contractual right to protect teachers from being terminated for political or personal reasons. According to the â€Å"Vergara V. California† case, nine students file a lawsuit in California state courts about the teachers has an insufficient teaching method in schools. Student claim that they can’t get a quality education because this system has created an issue. However, teachers are not the only reason that affects students. There are many aspects that may influence students in a negative way, such as the student environment, family, and school resources. If people look at those aspects, they will notice that with poorly performing teachers, people start to take aggressive actions towards the tenure system, which is unfair to the union or CTA. Society should consider the pros and cons to make the decision about whether the tenure system should be eliminated or not. The pros of the tenure system are, it prevents teachers from being fired due to unfair r easons. It can also help teachers perform better in school as a result of being freed from the stress of being fired. On the other hand, tenure makes it difficult to remove inadequate teachers because of the long paper work, along with it is the costly fees to remove deficient teachers. After considering this, the pros of the tenure are the reasons that the tenure system should not be eliminated because it proves tenure is benefits to schools. In addition, there are no guarantees that schools will become better,Show MoreRelatedThe Tenure System Should Be Abolished993 Words   |  4 PagesThe tenure is the employment contract created to protect teachers from being fired by the political or personal reasons. According to â€Å"Vergara V. California† case, this system has been created an issue that with the support of Student Matter, nine students file a lawsuit in California state courts about the inadequate teaching of teachers in schools. Furthermore, Students claim they can ’t get a quality education. It’s clear that inefficient teachers can’t give a good education, however teachers aren’tRead MorePublic School Systems Should Not Allow Teachers910 Words   |  4 PagesPublic school systems should not allow teachers to have tenure. The documentary â€Å"The Lottery† tells a story about young children trying to get into a charter school for a better education and better teaching styles. Not to mention if certain kids don’t get in, they could always try again later. In addition to the documentary, it explains in one scene that in the school system, they had to let go about ten or more teachers. â€Å"The Lottery† documentary wanted to tell how well students can achieve withRead MoreThe Importance of Teacher Tenure in Public Schools Essay example632 Words   |  3 Pagesexactly is teacher tenure?. Well, in short teacher tenure is a permanent job contract for school teachers. Teachers can earn tenure by p roving their teaching skills over a specific number of years while working at the same school. In most cases the number of years a teacher must work at the same school is anywhere from two to seven years. After receiving tenure a teacher cannot lose his or her job without just cause, for example obvious incompetence or severe misconduct. Tenure offers job securityRead More Tenure in America Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough there are many varying opinions on what revisions should be made to the tenure system in America, I believe that even though there are many complaints, Tenure needs to be maintained in order to promote academic freedom and educational security. Tenure is defined by Mathew Finkin as â€Å"At the expiration of a period of probation, commonly not to exceed six years of full-time service, a faculty member is either to be accorded â€Å"tenure† or to be given a terminal appointment for the ensuing academicRead MoreWe Need a Huge Turn Around in the US Educational System Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesteachers is fired for performance-related reasons. Why? Tenure.† Tenure for elementary school teachers is a union contract that offers academic freedom and job security. It does not necessarily guarantee lifetime employment but it does make the firing process extremely timely and equally as costly. It assures that if a teacher must be fired the he or she is guaranteed due process and will be fired for just cause. The original need for tenure during the late 19th century was to protect elementary schoolRead MorePolitical Movements Like The No Child Left Behind1887 Words   |  8 Pagespolitical fight, that of educational reform. When considering educational reform, teacher tenure reform becomes the hot topic under scrutiny. According to Greenwald (2010), â€Å"†¦teacher tenure represents all that is wrong with the system – protecting ineffective and unprofessional teachers† (p.20). However, statements li ke this take a one size fits all approach, which is generally a path of ignorance. Teacher tenure was created from a fight for First Amendment protections and freed teachers from harshRead MoreTeacher Tenure Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesJames 6 August 2012 Teacher Tenure Today, there seems to be a push to change the policy of teacher tenure. â€Å"Roughly 2.3 million public school teachers in the United States have tenure—a perk reserved for the noblest of professions (professors and judges also enjoy such rights).† (Stephey) Tenure refers to a policy which gives teachers a permanent contract that effectively ensuring them a guarantee of employment for life. Stephey continues to state, â€Å"Though tenure doesn’t guarantee lifetime employmentRead MoreThe Good Teacher And The Successful Teachers2316 Words   |  10 Pagesteachers are treated as equals under tenure. Tenure is given to a teacher after a certain number of years and ultimately protects them from being fired. â€Å"The very first state to adopt tenure was New Jersey in 1909 and by the mid 1900s 80 percent of k-12 teachers had tenure already. At the time tenure began as a way to protect teachers from wrongful termination due to pregnancy, political view, race or reli gion, and so on.† (â€Å"Making The Grade†). Essentially tenure is a continual job contract for teachersRead More Being The One Who Cares: A Good Teacher Essay2589 Words   |  11 Pagesunprotected sex. I feel as teachers earn tenure, they are more likely to effect the students in a more personably manner. Having a stable and open classroom, I feel the students will learn more and be a respected citizen in our society. In this project I will discuss, prayer in the classroom, AIDS and tenure. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Prayer in school is a controversial issue that must be considered and dealt with as quickly as possible. All people should feel free to worship and have loyaltiesRead MoreThe Modern University System Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe modern university system as a whole is an exploitative, capitalist construction. Those within it, whether they be undergraduate or graduate students, tenured or nontenured professors, researchers, etc. To exist within the university system and survive, one is essentially placed in a system that very closely resembles the free market economy of the United States. Academia exists to make one successful in whatever career path one chooses, including careers in the academic world. Specific to academic

Various Strategies Singapore Overseas Bank â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Various Strategies Singapore Overseas Bank? Answer: Introduction The report deals with the money market scenario in the Singapore. After analyzing that we are the money market dealing team and is working for a reputed Singapore Overseas Bank. Through the analysis and presentation of the historical data for the last three years is has been found out that the interest has been constant during the year 2014 and 2015 but it has fluctuated during the second half of 2016.Tis situation due to the reason because the United States Federal Reserve decided to increase the interest rate and thereby it had impacted on the interest rates of Singapore thereby resulted in the increase in the interest rates in the Singapore Overseas Bank. In this report it has been described about the Singapore money market behavior and our team will analyze and predict the Singapore interest for the next six months. Based o the prediction and analysis, strategies are made and implemented and which forecast the risk involving those strategies and hoe the bank will ultimately maximize its profit in the scenario taking in the factor posed by money market (Bruno and Shin, 2015). Money Market Behavior In the above figure it shows that there has been increase in the interest rate in the year 2105 and 2016.The interest rate has been low in the first two years but it has considerably raised in the year 2015 and then in 2016.Thus the interest rate in the year 2016 was 1%.Although currently the interest rates has been 0.5%..It has been found out that the interest rates increased due to the increases in interest rate by the United States Federal Reserve decision to keep the interest rate from 0.25% to 0.5%. Since there was a rise in the US interest rate which has weaken the Singapore dollar rate against the United States rates. Thus it has been seen that the Singapore rates has fallen1.8% against the US rates. The higher the interest rate the higher will be the value of that particular country. The Singapore interbank rate is use as a bench mark for the using to predict the rate of mortgage loan and the lending rates. In the near times it has been seen that the US rates have been increased which eventually depreciated the value of Singapore dollar. Behavior of Singapore Money market in the next six months The SIBOR has fallen and the US interest rates have increased. The major causes for the increase in the interest rates are as follows. The US economy has made a attempt which have made the Central Bank of USA to reduce their monthly purchase of USA Government bonds. With this strategy the money has been limited in the bank and the banks charge higher interest rates from the borrowers (Turner, 2014). The strength of USD is much higher than the strength of the Singapore dollar which have resulted in the stable Singapore dollar rates. Thus there has been a rapid increase in dollar and therefore a fall in SIBOR. In order to remain competitive the ASEAN have reduced the volatility of the SGD against Singapore dollar. Expected Inflation rate We predict that the interest rate will increase in the next six months. There has been a rise in the interest rate in the years. There has been a increase in the interest rate which shows a increase I the value of the economy. The inflation rate is expected to increase with time. We will predict that there will be a rise in the inflation rate that will rebound the Singapores deflation Loan able fund theory There is an inverse relationship between the loan able funds and the interest rates since there is a direct relationship between the loan able funds and the interest rates. As the interest rate in the Singapore is expected to rise then the demand will fall. The loan able funds will rise and the higher interest encourages loans and the business will supply funds (Van Leuvensteijn et al, 2013) Sources of Funding Singapore Treasury Bills (T-Bills) T-bills are a form of instrument in the money market issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The minimum requirement for investment is S$1000 using cash or CPF savings. Once every 3 months, the MAS will put up the auction on a Monday on SGS website as well as the newspaper. Since T-bills are regarded as risk-free and highly liquid, the interest paid out usually pales in comparison to other form of investments. Although the rates are usually consistent from year to year, factors such as macroeconomic conditions and monetary policies of the country will still play a part in determining the rise of fall of the interests. The pricing of T-bills are also influenced by the level of investors confidence such that demand would rise during recessions and vice-versa. Example of a Sum A sum of $50m will be used for Overnight Cash with a predicted amount of 950 transactions with the Bid and Offer Rate for Trusty Banks Overnight Transactions are stated below. Bid Rate (%) Offer Rate (%) 0.76 0.98 Simple Interest Formula: I = PV x I x T I= interest rate T = no. of days/365 Gross Profit $301.38 x 950 = $286311 As given, the anticipated profits after calculations over the period of 6 months will be $286,311. Instrument Maturity Target Market Role of Trading Capital Required Strategy Fixed Deposit 12 months MNCs Consumers Borrower (sell) SGD$ 100 m Price Making Fixed term loan 3 months MNCs Consumers Lender SGD$ 50 m Price Making Overnight Repo 6 months MNCs Consumers Lender SGD$ 50 m Speculation Banks in Singapore Banking firm, a monopolistic bank faces a downward-sloping demand for loans and an upward-sloping supply of deposits (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). The spread between the loan rate and the deposit rate depends on the size of the interest elasticity of demand for loans and the interest elasticity of supply for deposits. A bank will change its deposit or prime rate only if the existing deposit or loan rate diverges from the profit-maximizing rate as a result of a given change in the money market rate. The amount and speed with which the deposit or loan rate will change will depend on the change in the optimal rate relative to the size of the adjustment cost. Flannery (1982) has shown that banks face significant adjustment costs in the retail deposit market as they seek to attract and maintain "core deposits". The recent literature on relationship lending by banks focuses on the high cost of investment incurred by lenders to counteract international asymmetries presented by borrowers and the effort to establish long-term relationships as a way of overcoming the problem (Ma, Xiandong and Xi,2013) Money market Instrument Bills of Exchange - The Bills of Exchange can be used to do the following: Facilitate international trade (trade bills) Raise finance (accommodation bills or commercial bills) A bill of exchange is defined as An unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another, signed by the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determined future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person(s).( Benes et al,2015).It involves about three parties that is the Drawer (borrower) and the Acceptor/ Drawee /Guarantor and the Discounter (lender).If the bill of exchange is sold in the secondary market, it must be endorsed and in which incurs a contingent liability. Commercial Paper- The commercial paper includes the P Notes or the commercial paper. It is essentially called the IOU.The commercial paper is issued by the large organizations or companies having an excellent credit rating and is having a good capital structure. Thus the commercial paper is sold and no contingent liability arises a it arises in the bills of exchange. Thus the commercial bills yields higher than BABs (Ghosh, 2016) Treasury Notes- The treasury notes represents the Notes issued by the Government in order to raise the short term finance. The notes are issued weekly by the tender with maturity of a period of five, thirteen or twenty six weeks. The treasury notes are accused to be active in the secondary market amongst the commercial banks (Melvin and Norrbin, 2017).The treasury notes are very liquid instruments and it can be bought and sold by the Central Bank in this secondary market. Thus the treasury bills have yields lower than the BABs. Certificate of Deposit The Certificate of Deposit is essentially the promissory notes that are issued by the banks. The instruments have a maturity of ninety days and one eighty days. The yield rate which is same as BABs.The instrument is usually traded in the secondary market. It thus have a a minimum denomination which is $ 50000 (Papadamou, Sidiropoulos and Spyromitros, 2017) Risks Obstacles Before implementing the strategies, we need to consider the vital facts about risk and obstacles that company could face. The risk factors are dependent upon China and US economy and the interest rate. As a company operating in Singapore, all companies within Singapore are exposed to risks presented in Singapores environment, as well as some default risks of the market or industry. Currency risk and Obstacles that are likely to occur Singapore has a lot of trade with China and USA. This causes Singapore dollar to be influenced by the changes of the economies of those countries. Recently, the economic condition in China causes them the cut their interest rate by 0.25%, and this reduction result in an instability of currency in Singapore (Bertay, Demirg-Kunt and Huizinga, 2013). Interest Rate Risk Singapores relationship with USA both politically and economically presents both opportunity and risks to companies in Singapore. Singapores economy is heavily relied on USAs economy. The US government recently increased their interest rate, and this increment will have an impact on the interest rate in Singapore (Filardo, Genberg and Hofmann, 2016.). Exchange Rate Risk For companies that have partnered foreign companies will also have to face exchange rate risk. When two trading companies from different country have a business transaction, at least one party will have to face the exchange rate risk of dealing with another currency. A slight change of exchange rate in the market can cause one party to pay more, or receive less (Jamilov and gert, 2014). Market Volatility Specifically for the money market trading strategy, the short term financing create a risk in volatility of the market. This volatility causes the return to be unstable and there is a possibility for a company to receive a lesser return at the end of the contract, than as stated during the beginning of the contract. The cost of transaction for short term financing of money market strategy is also more costly compared to other financing instruments. Instrument Risk This arises when there is adverse condition in the market and there is counterpart default and credit risk. The money market will consist of the fixed deposits and the treasury bills and the commercial paper. There is a number of risk then there is less risk due to security and capital structure. In case there is crisis all over the World the borrowers will have to fail if they buy the instrument so there is a risk Reinvestment Risk This risk is of investing in the funds at a lower rate and there the yield will be lower. The task of managing the reinvestment is very difficult and the short term rates are volatile. In money market they invest on short term instruments when the yield curve is flat. Since there money market instruments are very volatile there may be reinvestment risk which needs to be eliminated. Counterparty Risk In case of this risk the issuer or the debtor will have the obligation to pay back the borrowed amount. This will lead the investors to sell off the commercial paper, irrespective of issuer, selling off indiscriminately. Banks stopped lending to each other, cash markets froze and multiple counterparties. To manage counterparty risk, RECM only invests in counterparties with strong balance sheets and analyses their prudential liquidity requirements, as required by the Reserve Bank, to identify banks that are facing potential liquidity pressure. RECM Executive Chairman Piet Viljoen explains: Even though poor quality counterparties generally pay higher yields, we generally avoid the Political Risk There have been a number of steps that has been taken to combat the political risk which has a implication on the money market. This is due to the reason that the money market has on the supply of the market. This is due to the fact that has on the supply of the market and on the exchange risk. The money market players are the large institutional bodies which have good hold over the market and of the risks involved there are also interest and also market risks References Al-Majali, A.A. and Al-Assaf, G.I., 2014. 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Does central bank transparency affect stock market volatility?.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,31, pp.362-377. Papadamou, S., Sidiropoulos, M. and Spyromitros, E., 2017. Does central bank independence affect stock market volatility?.Research in International Business and Finance. Turner, P., 2014. The global long-term interest rate, financial risks and policy choices in EMEs. Van Leuvensteijn, M., Srensen, C.K., Bikker, J.A. and Van Rixtel, A.A., 2013. Impact of bank competition on the interest rate pass-through in the euro area.Applied Economics,45(11), pp.1359-1380.