1984 George Orwell Essay Example For Students

1984 George Orwell Essay George Orwell is one of the most popular creators all things considered. He had a hard existence, And battled a genuine disease which inevitably murdered him. He has a wide assortment of works. Probably the most celebrated works are Animal Farm and 1984. There is three obvious Characteristics contained in his works, These are: rearrangements in his accounts, compassion toward the common laborers, and utilizing his own background. George Orwell was a popular writer who composed numerous books and papers. His genuine name was Eric Author Blair. He was conceived in Motihari close to Bengal, India on June 25 19031. He was conceived in a Lower upper white collar class family2. A couple of years after Orwells birth his family moved to England, where he got regular upbringing.3In July 1936 George Orwell and his significant other, Eileen Nee OShaugnessy participated in battling for political convictions in the Spanish Civil War. They joined a little Marxist gathering called P.O.U.M. Orwell composed a few books about the encounters that gathered during this time. These books are viewed as the absolute most all around archived works of the war. When WWII came around Orwell enrolled in the British armed force, however was turned down. Rather than battling on the forefront he headed the Indian assistance of the Britinnica British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 4. In the spring of 1937, George Orwell was coming back from the cutting edge in Alcubierre with the BBC when he was injured in the neck by an expert marksman bullet5. The injury left Orwell incapable to talk, and somewhat incapacitated in one arm6. This was the start of Orwells decrease in wellbeing, and the decay of his composition. A couple of years after the fact he was determined to have tuberculosis, and kicked the bucket on January 21, 19507. The primary trademark that is clear in George Orwells composing is the disentanglement in his writing8. Orwell is frequently given acknowledgment for writing such that everybody can comprehend and identify with something9. An ideal case of his straightforwardness is in the book Animal Farm. The characters in this book are farm animals that speak to individuals in the Russian Revolution. Orwells purpose behind utilizing the farm animals was to make it simpler for the less instructed individuals to recognize what occurred in the Russian Revolution. Another trademark that is obvious in Orwells compositions is his compassion toward the regular workers. The book Coming Up for Air emphatically expressed Orwells sees for the white collar class individuals to revolt, and take over themselves10. The epic extraordinarily underscores the requirement for the white collar class to stir from their semi-sedation and become mindful of the political happenings around them11. This trademark is likewise obvious in Animal Farm. The livestock (average workers) are effective at toppling rancher Jones12. Another apparent trademark in Orwells works is his utilization of his own background. In Such, Such Were the Joys, a long paper; Orwell portrayed his youth as he was developing up13. Orwell got a lot of analysis from the individuals in the book, on the grounds that the manner in which he depicted their attributes and personalities14. Another book that was expounded on his own background was Down and Out in Paris. In this book he portrays his life when he lived in the ghettos of Paris. Orwell masterminded it so that it appeared as though it was fiction to most perusers, however in certainty it was real15. The book Animal Farm is a parody of the Russian reveloution16. The setting is in a little ranch in England. The book begins with the oldest pig assembling the various animals into a gathering, He discusses a fantasy about rebelling against the rancher who is in control. The creatures lead an effective revolt, and afterward assume responsibility for overseeing themselves. It begins where all the creatures are equivalent to one another. At that point it changes to all creatures are equivalent, yet some are superior to other people. At last it is changed to all creatures are equivalent, yet pigs are superior to every one of them. The imagery in this novel is extraordinary, and each creature can be coordinated up to a key individual in the Russian Revolution. .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .postImageUrl , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:hover , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:visited , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:active { border:0!important; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:active , .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua682d6904cd 45acd2134aec1e5a5749d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua682d6904cd45acd2134aec1e5a5749d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Should Human Cloning Be Permitted? EssayThe part of improvement is exceptionally apparent in the story Animal Farm. The entire plot of the story is portraying what occurred during the Russian Revolution17. Farm animals supplant the entirety of the characters. In this book Orwell shows the ineptitude of a portion of the individuals in question. He additionally shows that it is so natural to convince individuals to have faith in the things you need. The greatest perspective that Orwell gets through is that all upsets fall flat, and there is consistently corruption18. Another part of Orwells composing that is obvious is his compa ssion to the working class19. In the novel Animal Farm, Orwell composed it in a way with the goal that the less taught could get it. In the book Down and Out in Paris he composed distinctive pictures to make individuals mindful of life in the slums20. This book likewise urged individuals to assist the less lucky. Orwell frequently stood up against political officials, and their activities that exploited the lower class individuals. Again the book Animal Farm is a genuine case of this characteristic. The entire book is taking a stand in opposition to the Russian Revolution. It shows what continued during this period so the individuals could keep this from happening once more. One of Orwells most broadly utilized style is ending his own background and placing them into his accounts. In an article Such, Such Were the Joys is truly depicting the encounters he experienced while he was in basic school21. Another fine case of this attribute is in Down and Out in Paris. In this book Orwell discusses the encounters he had while living in the ghettos of Paris22. The writing in this book is distinctive to the point, that numerous individuals believed that it was anecdotal when they originally read it. Numerous individuals and pundits don't consider Orwell a genuine creator. They think about his work as fiction, and not intended to be taken truly. However, because of Orwells utilization of disentanglement, compassion toward the common laborers, and utilizing his own background makes almost certainly that he was one of the most remarkable creator within recent memory.

Report Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report Critique - Assignment Example The Turnaround gathering of examiners considered the six best performing organizations in the business, which is without a doubt a sensible number to respect in aggregating the report. This bit of composing investigations the exit plan given by the clarification arranged by the group. The Turnaround investigate team’s thought of rating Lions Gate Entertainment’s organization as the low performing firm is frightfully exact considering the corporation’s portfolio expansion, influence level, gainfulness and market designation. By and by, the firm performs profoundly in video creation contrasted with different contenders. The Turnaround group in this way thought about the general business execution, which is especially conceivable. The initial six organizations in the Motion Picture and Video creation industry involve the market center. The main six organizations includes 91.2% market ingestion and encounters a savage rivalry among themselves surrendering Lionâ€℠¢s Gate Entertainment Company with just 4.3% of the market portion (Davidson et al 1) . High gainfulness in this built up organizations are brought about by different variables going from the obstructions forced by the current firms, purchasers haggling power, medium provider power and the economies of scale delighted in by the organizations. The monetary abilities of the main six Motion Picture and Videos creation organizations have empowered them to gain exceptionally created innovations and brawny special systems in this way covering a more extensive market. The money related ability helps the medium provider influence by utilizing superstars and imaginative craftsmen in their Video creation subsequently drawing in bigger group. Investors’ self-conviction is likewise raised on these organizations because of a top notch standing appreciated by the gigantic organizations in this manner empowering speculations. The need to concentrate on the taste and satisfaction of the popu lace is also significant in pulling in an enormous client base as clarified by the group (Davidson et al 2-3). Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation ought to set out on having a huge hazard resilience portfolio, which in the end increments investors’ certainty, and broadening client base. Nonetheless, the expansion of portfolio doesn't legitimately raise client base as guaranteed by the report. The Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation should build its interest underway so as to expand their overall revenue as clarified by the group. The bigger firms appear to put much in video creation therefore expanding their pay. This can likewise apply in the Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation for higher gainfulness. The way that Lions Gate Entertainment Company has lower cost of creation isn't sufficient since the group further discloses the higher obligation to value proportion, which legitimately influences the net benefit of the firm. The investors loath the profits in light of the f act that a bigger measure of benefit is utilized to pay the indebted individuals. The Lions Gate Entertainment firm can't accordingly utilize expansion procedure appropriately because of its financial insufficiency. Besides, the money related failure causes the enterprise to have an ease spending plan, which can't be deciphered as effectiveness due to diseconomies of scale. In spite of the fact that, Lions Gate has extended its portfolios, it encounters a general total deficit because of its unfruitful auxiliaries subsequently diminishing its profits. The group recommendation that the

Why is it That Teachers Prefer Teacher Essay Writing?

Why is it That Teachers Prefer Teacher Essay Writing?Why is it that teachers prefer writing teacher essays? Is it simply because teachers are more qualified to do so? Is it because they are more experienced than most students?Some teachers feel that essays are not really part of the course. They are given to students who cannot write, perhaps because they have not had a lot of time to learn or maybe because they are so busy with the demands of their own lives. However, teacher essay writing does need to be done correctly, and it is a way for a teacher to document a particular aspect of the teaching.It could also be due to the fact that writing an essay can be easier than it is for students. For a student, the entire process is more complicated. Writing a good essay can be a daunting task for many teachers, as there are so many considerations to take into account. It is no wonder that teachers prefer to let the students handle it.Student essay writing may require a great deal of resea rch, but it can be worth it in the end. Although many students may take on this task as a kind of extra-curricular activity, it can be very beneficial to a student's education. It is a great learning experience for both the student and the teacher. Not only do they get to see what writing really is all about, but they also make friends with other writers in the process.In addition, writing an essay is always preferable to having the assignment assigned to you. If you are constantly being asked to write your essay and have to pass it off to somebody else to proofread and edit, it can get old. It is better to just let the students do the work. It will be their essay and they should be the ones who get to decide how it will turn out.When a student is assigned to write an essay, they will be expected to put their own efforts into it. However, that does not mean that they will not be required to learn the skills of good writing and how to use those skills in the best way possible. There is still plenty of room for improvement, and the writer will be encouraged to do so by the author of the assignment.In addition, there are lots of resources available for teachers on how to write an essay effectively, which can be used as good examples in the process. Books are an obvious source, but there are also online sources, blogs, and even YouTube videos that can serve as examples of how things should be done. The teacher will be given several different samples to choose from, and the student will get to see a variety of examples of different types of essay.This does not mean that the essay is going to be easy to write. Every essay is going to have its own unique challenges. However, if the student is given clear guidelines as to what they should do, they can be sure that they will not have any problems with the writing process. Being aware of these things helps the student become a better writer, and that is a great thing.

Clinical Rotation At St. Anthony Hospital - 995 Words

This clinical rotation differs from my previous OB rotation last semester. I did my OB rotation at St. Anthony Hospital and compared to it, OU Children’s Hospital is different. At St. Anthony, we don’t have much opportunity to see the birth of a baby, but here at the OU Children Hospital, the first thing I walked in is either in the middle of labor or that a labor is about to happen. This may due to the month. I assume that there are more babies born in June than in May. On my first day, my preceptor and I took care of a patient with hematoma as a result from giving birth. This patient lost more than 500cc of blood. We massaged her fundus and straight cath her. Finally, we insert a Foley catheter. At once point, when the midwife checked her and massaged the patient’s fundus, a tennis ball size blood clot flew out of her vagina. I was surprised and amazed. She massaged it again and more blood clots shot out, almost missed the end of the bed and flew to the floor. From this experience, I learned not to stand at the bottom of the bed when someone is giving someone a fundus massage. This is an interesting sight and I would never expect to see something like this to happen. On my second day, the first labor I witnessed took place very fast. The mother doesn’t have to do much pushing and the baby slipped out of her. During this time, the only nurse available is my preceptor. This is not what I expected to happen based on my experience from last semester clinical simulation andShow MoreRelatedPresent Day Robotic Surgery and Beyond8509 Words   |  35 PagesRobotic surgery has been on the rise since its approval in 1997, spreading to hospitals and surgical centers all over the United States and seen Internationally. This increase in technology in the medical field could be either a remarkable change or the medical industries worst â€Å"Terminator† nightmares. This type of surgery has been revolutionary to the surgical field, by creating machines that are capable of more procedures and higher precision than the machine before. Using information found inRead MoreLas 432 Course Capstone Project [Remote/Robotic Surgeries]8094 Words   |  33 PagesSociological Effects 17 Psychological Considerations 17 Sociological Effects 19 Future Technology 20 The technology in its cultural context, media influence 21 Cultural Contents 23 Conclusion 24 Environmental Implications 24 Environment 24 Clinical 25 Human Anatomical 25 Patient 26 Provider 27 Surgical Room 28 Staff Training 28 Moral and Ethical Implications 29 Moral 29 Patient Reactions 29 Health Concerns 30 Surgeon Self-Improvement 30 Ethical 31 Ethical Dilemmas 31 Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pageseffective interventions in many institutional and intellectual spheres. 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The Positive Relationship Between Inflation And Inflation

Some variables in Economics are very closely related to each other. In many cases, the combination of these variables can have an unexpected effect on the economy. One of these examples can be observed when we compare inflation and unemployment rate. To establish this comparison in a short-run period of time, it will be beneficial to use the Phillip Curve. This curve can be used as a tool to represent the positive relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short-run. In order to comprehend the positive relationship between inflation and unemployment first, we must know what inflation is, how we define unemployment, and how we can use the Phillip Curve to make a functional comparison of these two variables. Moreover, it will be very beneficial to analyze how expansionary fiscal policies affect the relationship between unemployment and inflation. If we understand the meaning of each of these variables in the economy, it will be easier to comprehend the logic of a short-run trade-off between unemployment and inflation. Inflation can be described as the sustained increase in the level price of goods and services over a period of time. Inflation can affect the economy in positive and negative ways. One of the negative ways in which inflation affects the economy is that it increases the opportunity cost of holding money, in other words, it decreases the real value of money. Inflation is said to occur when there is an excessive increase in the money supply. AmongShow MoreRelatedPhillips Curve Methodology Is Used On An Information Set Of 35 Years Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pageshelps in analyzing the relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment. There is a non-relative negative relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment (if unemployment is decreased than there is a rising value level in the economy). There is a long-run and easygoing relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment over the above-mentioned period in Pakistan. There is a momentary relationship (stuns) in the short-run, while there is a lasting relationship (stuns) over the longRead MoreThe Phillips Curve and The Quantity Theory of Money1128 Words   |  4 Pagesinverse relationship between inflation rate and the unemployment rate. When the unemployment was high, the inflation rate would be low; the inflation rate was high, the unemployment rate would be low. Here we have the statistics data of the inflation rate and unemployment rate from 2007-2011. On the other hand, Phillipss â€Å"curve† also represented the average relationship between unemployment and wage behavior over the business cycle. 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The economic specialists argue, that inflation effect economic growth of nations by decreasing domestic and foreign saving, inefficiency and ineffectiveness of resource allocation and declining balance of payment. Fischer and Modigliani (1980) suggested that there is a nonlinear and negative relationship between the rate of inflation and economic growth. Similarly,Read MoreThe Determinant Factors Of Equity Return1513 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions, the rate of inflation, and external conditions. The relationship between economic conditions and the rate of inflation in determining equity returns could be different in each country. Refer to Fisher theory, where shares are against inflation, so when the inflation is increasing, it will lead to the proportional changes of equity returns (Ghafoor et al. 2014, p.149). However, this theory has been challenged by Fama cited in Madsen (2005), indicat es that besides inflation, income growth isRead More The Federal Reserve System Essay example1453 Words   |  6 Pagesshould simply pursue policies to eliminate inflation. Zero inflation may help the market to avoid imbalances, stabilize the business cycle, and promote steady growth in our economy. On the other hand, zero inflation may not reduce unemployment. It may not promote a higher rate of saving and investment, and it may increase income inequality by redistributing income to the high-income people from the low-income people. 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The famous equation is i = r + Ï€, nominal interest rate equals real interest rate plus inflation. This is basically saying that the nominal interest rate can be changed by a change in either the real interest rate or inflation. The Fisher effect is the one to one relatio nship between the inflation rate and the nominalRead MoreEconometrics Project1284 Words   |  6 Pages– 2011 April 24, 2010 Abstract The goal of this paper is to estimate the relationship between personal consumption and personal income among all Americans over the past 30 years. The data includes annual records for the four variables between the years 1980 and 2011. I have analyzed this data using the Ordinary Least Squares Method and ran a regression analysis in order to observe the relationship between my variables. In my model, I have used Real Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE)Read MoreThe Effect Of Inflation On The Economy822 Words   |  4 Pagestool to represent the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short-run. In order to comprehend this inverse relationship, we must first know what inflation is, how we define unemployment, and how these two variables are connected using the Phillip Curve. If we understand the meaning of each one of these variables in the economy, it will be easier to comprehend the logic of a short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation. Inflation, in the economic, can be described

The Tenure System Should Be Abolished - 952 Words

The tenure is a contractual right to protect teachers from being terminated for political or personal reasons. According to the â€Å"Vergara V. California† case, nine students file a lawsuit in California state courts about the teachers has an insufficient teaching method in schools. Student claim that they can’t get a quality education because this system has created an issue. However, teachers are not the only reason that affects students. There are many aspects that may influence students in a negative way, such as the student environment, family, and school resources. If people look at those aspects, they will notice that with poorly performing teachers, people start to take aggressive actions towards the tenure system, which is unfair to the union or CTA. Society should consider the pros and cons to make the decision about whether the tenure system should be eliminated or not. The pros of the tenure system are, it prevents teachers from being fired due to unfair r easons. It can also help teachers perform better in school as a result of being freed from the stress of being fired. On the other hand, tenure makes it difficult to remove inadequate teachers because of the long paper work, along with it is the costly fees to remove deficient teachers. After considering this, the pros of the tenure are the reasons that the tenure system should not be eliminated because it proves tenure is benefits to schools. In addition, there are no guarantees that schools will become better,Show MoreRelatedThe Tenure System Should Be Abolished993 Words   |  4 PagesThe tenure is the employment contract created to protect teachers from being fired by the political or personal reasons. According to â€Å"Vergara V. California† case, this system has been created an issue that with the support of Student Matter, nine students file a lawsuit in California state courts about the inadequate teaching of teachers in schools. Furthermore, Students claim they can ’t get a quality education. It’s clear that inefficient teachers can’t give a good education, however teachers aren’tRead MorePublic School Systems Should Not Allow Teachers910 Words   |  4 PagesPublic school systems should not allow teachers to have tenure. The documentary â€Å"The Lottery† tells a story about young children trying to get into a charter school for a better education and better teaching styles. Not to mention if certain kids don’t get in, they could always try again later. In addition to the documentary, it explains in one scene that in the school system, they had to let go about ten or more teachers. â€Å"The Lottery† documentary wanted to tell how well students can achieve withRead MoreThe Importance of Teacher Tenure in Public Schools Essay example632 Words   |  3 Pagesexactly is teacher tenure?. Well, in short teacher tenure is a permanent job contract for school teachers. Teachers can earn tenure by p roving their teaching skills over a specific number of years while working at the same school. In most cases the number of years a teacher must work at the same school is anywhere from two to seven years. After receiving tenure a teacher cannot lose his or her job without just cause, for example obvious incompetence or severe misconduct. Tenure offers job securityRead More Tenure in America Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough there are many varying opinions on what revisions should be made to the tenure system in America, I believe that even though there are many complaints, Tenure needs to be maintained in order to promote academic freedom and educational security. Tenure is defined by Mathew Finkin as â€Å"At the expiration of a period of probation, commonly not to exceed six years of full-time service, a faculty member is either to be accorded â€Å"tenure† or to be given a terminal appointment for the ensuing academicRead MoreWe Need a Huge Turn Around in the US Educational System Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesteachers is fired for performance-related reasons. Why? Tenure.† Tenure for elementary school teachers is a union contract that offers academic freedom and job security. It does not necessarily guarantee lifetime employment but it does make the firing process extremely timely and equally as costly. It assures that if a teacher must be fired the he or she is guaranteed due process and will be fired for just cause. The original need for tenure during the late 19th century was to protect elementary schoolRead MorePolitical Movements Like The No Child Left Behind1887 Words   |  8 Pagespolitical fight, that of educational reform. When considering educational reform, teacher tenure reform becomes the hot topic under scrutiny. According to Greenwald (2010), â€Å"†¦teacher tenure represents all that is wrong with the system – protecting ineffective and unprofessional teachers† (p.20). However, statements li ke this take a one size fits all approach, which is generally a path of ignorance. Teacher tenure was created from a fight for First Amendment protections and freed teachers from harshRead MoreTeacher Tenure Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesJames 6 August 2012 Teacher Tenure Today, there seems to be a push to change the policy of teacher tenure. â€Å"Roughly 2.3 million public school teachers in the United States have tenure—a perk reserved for the noblest of professions (professors and judges also enjoy such rights).† (Stephey) Tenure refers to a policy which gives teachers a permanent contract that effectively ensuring them a guarantee of employment for life. Stephey continues to state, â€Å"Though tenure doesn’t guarantee lifetime employmentRead MoreThe Good Teacher And The Successful Teachers2316 Words   |  10 Pagesteachers are treated as equals under tenure. Tenure is given to a teacher after a certain number of years and ultimately protects them from being fired. â€Å"The very first state to adopt tenure was New Jersey in 1909 and by the mid 1900s 80 percent of k-12 teachers had tenure already. At the time tenure began as a way to protect teachers from wrongful termination due to pregnancy, political view, race or reli gion, and so on.† (â€Å"Making The Grade†). Essentially tenure is a continual job contract for teachersRead More Being The One Who Cares: A Good Teacher Essay2589 Words   |  11 Pagesunprotected sex. I feel as teachers earn tenure, they are more likely to effect the students in a more personably manner. Having a stable and open classroom, I feel the students will learn more and be a respected citizen in our society. In this project I will discuss, prayer in the classroom, AIDS and tenure. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Prayer in school is a controversial issue that must be considered and dealt with as quickly as possible. All people should feel free to worship and have loyaltiesRead MoreThe Modern University System Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe modern university system as a whole is an exploitative, capitalist construction. Those within it, whether they be undergraduate or graduate students, tenured or nontenured professors, researchers, etc. To exist within the university system and survive, one is essentially placed in a system that very closely resembles the free market economy of the United States. Academia exists to make one successful in whatever career path one chooses, including careers in the academic world. Specific to academic

Various Strategies Singapore Overseas Bank â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Various Strategies Singapore Overseas Bank? Answer: Introduction The report deals with the money market scenario in the Singapore. After analyzing that we are the money market dealing team and is working for a reputed Singapore Overseas Bank. Through the analysis and presentation of the historical data for the last three years is has been found out that the interest has been constant during the year 2014 and 2015 but it has fluctuated during the second half of 2016.Tis situation due to the reason because the United States Federal Reserve decided to increase the interest rate and thereby it had impacted on the interest rates of Singapore thereby resulted in the increase in the interest rates in the Singapore Overseas Bank. In this report it has been described about the Singapore money market behavior and our team will analyze and predict the Singapore interest for the next six months. Based o the prediction and analysis, strategies are made and implemented and which forecast the risk involving those strategies and hoe the bank will ultimately maximize its profit in the scenario taking in the factor posed by money market (Bruno and Shin, 2015). Money Market Behavior In the above figure it shows that there has been increase in the interest rate in the year 2105 and 2016.The interest rate has been low in the first two years but it has considerably raised in the year 2015 and then in 2016.Thus the interest rate in the year 2016 was 1%.Although currently the interest rates has been 0.5%..It has been found out that the interest rates increased due to the increases in interest rate by the United States Federal Reserve decision to keep the interest rate from 0.25% to 0.5%. Since there was a rise in the US interest rate which has weaken the Singapore dollar rate against the United States rates. Thus it has been seen that the Singapore rates has fallen1.8% against the US rates. The higher the interest rate the higher will be the value of that particular country. The Singapore interbank rate is use as a bench mark for the using to predict the rate of mortgage loan and the lending rates. In the near times it has been seen that the US rates have been increased which eventually depreciated the value of Singapore dollar. Behavior of Singapore Money market in the next six months The SIBOR has fallen and the US interest rates have increased. The major causes for the increase in the interest rates are as follows. The US economy has made a attempt which have made the Central Bank of USA to reduce their monthly purchase of USA Government bonds. With this strategy the money has been limited in the bank and the banks charge higher interest rates from the borrowers (Turner, 2014). The strength of USD is much higher than the strength of the Singapore dollar which have resulted in the stable Singapore dollar rates. Thus there has been a rapid increase in dollar and therefore a fall in SIBOR. In order to remain competitive the ASEAN have reduced the volatility of the SGD against Singapore dollar. Expected Inflation rate We predict that the interest rate will increase in the next six months. There has been a rise in the interest rate in the years. There has been a increase in the interest rate which shows a increase I the value of the economy. The inflation rate is expected to increase with time. We will predict that there will be a rise in the inflation rate that will rebound the Singapores deflation Loan able fund theory There is an inverse relationship between the loan able funds and the interest rates since there is a direct relationship between the loan able funds and the interest rates. As the interest rate in the Singapore is expected to rise then the demand will fall. The loan able funds will rise and the higher interest encourages loans and the business will supply funds (Van Leuvensteijn et al, 2013) Sources of Funding Singapore Treasury Bills (T-Bills) T-bills are a form of instrument in the money market issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The minimum requirement for investment is S$1000 using cash or CPF savings. Once every 3 months, the MAS will put up the auction on a Monday on SGS website as well as the newspaper. Since T-bills are regarded as risk-free and highly liquid, the interest paid out usually pales in comparison to other form of investments. Although the rates are usually consistent from year to year, factors such as macroeconomic conditions and monetary policies of the country will still play a part in determining the rise of fall of the interests. The pricing of T-bills are also influenced by the level of investors confidence such that demand would rise during recessions and vice-versa. Example of a Sum A sum of $50m will be used for Overnight Cash with a predicted amount of 950 transactions with the Bid and Offer Rate for Trusty Banks Overnight Transactions are stated below. Bid Rate (%) Offer Rate (%) 0.76 0.98 Simple Interest Formula: I = PV x I x T I= interest rate T = no. of days/365 Gross Profit $301.38 x 950 = $286311 As given, the anticipated profits after calculations over the period of 6 months will be $286,311. Instrument Maturity Target Market Role of Trading Capital Required Strategy Fixed Deposit 12 months MNCs Consumers Borrower (sell) SGD$ 100 m Price Making Fixed term loan 3 months MNCs Consumers Lender SGD$ 50 m Price Making Overnight Repo 6 months MNCs Consumers Lender SGD$ 50 m Speculation Banks in Singapore Banking firm, a monopolistic bank faces a downward-sloping demand for loans and an upward-sloping supply of deposits (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). The spread between the loan rate and the deposit rate depends on the size of the interest elasticity of demand for loans and the interest elasticity of supply for deposits. A bank will change its deposit or prime rate only if the existing deposit or loan rate diverges from the profit-maximizing rate as a result of a given change in the money market rate. The amount and speed with which the deposit or loan rate will change will depend on the change in the optimal rate relative to the size of the adjustment cost. Flannery (1982) has shown that banks face significant adjustment costs in the retail deposit market as they seek to attract and maintain "core deposits". The recent literature on relationship lending by banks focuses on the high cost of investment incurred by lenders to counteract international asymmetries presented by borrowers and the effort to establish long-term relationships as a way of overcoming the problem (Ma, Xiandong and Xi,2013) Money market Instrument Bills of Exchange - The Bills of Exchange can be used to do the following: Facilitate international trade (trade bills) Raise finance (accommodation bills or commercial bills) A bill of exchange is defined as An unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another, signed by the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determined future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person(s).( Benes et al,2015).It involves about three parties that is the Drawer (borrower) and the Acceptor/ Drawee /Guarantor and the Discounter (lender).If the bill of exchange is sold in the secondary market, it must be endorsed and in which incurs a contingent liability. Commercial Paper- The commercial paper includes the P Notes or the commercial paper. It is essentially called the IOU.The commercial paper is issued by the large organizations or companies having an excellent credit rating and is having a good capital structure. Thus the commercial paper is sold and no contingent liability arises a it arises in the bills of exchange. Thus the commercial bills yields higher than BABs (Ghosh, 2016) Treasury Notes- The treasury notes represents the Notes issued by the Government in order to raise the short term finance. The notes are issued weekly by the tender with maturity of a period of five, thirteen or twenty six weeks. The treasury notes are accused to be active in the secondary market amongst the commercial banks (Melvin and Norrbin, 2017).The treasury notes are very liquid instruments and it can be bought and sold by the Central Bank in this secondary market. Thus the treasury bills have yields lower than the BABs. Certificate of Deposit The Certificate of Deposit is essentially the promissory notes that are issued by the banks. The instruments have a maturity of ninety days and one eighty days. The yield rate which is same as BABs.The instrument is usually traded in the secondary market. It thus have a a minimum denomination which is $ 50000 (Papadamou, Sidiropoulos and Spyromitros, 2017) Risks Obstacles Before implementing the strategies, we need to consider the vital facts about risk and obstacles that company could face. The risk factors are dependent upon China and US economy and the interest rate. As a company operating in Singapore, all companies within Singapore are exposed to risks presented in Singapores environment, as well as some default risks of the market or industry. Currency risk and Obstacles that are likely to occur Singapore has a lot of trade with China and USA. This causes Singapore dollar to be influenced by the changes of the economies of those countries. Recently, the economic condition in China causes them the cut their interest rate by 0.25%, and this reduction result in an instability of currency in Singapore (Bertay, Demirg-Kunt and Huizinga, 2013). Interest Rate Risk Singapores relationship with USA both politically and economically presents both opportunity and risks to companies in Singapore. Singapores economy is heavily relied on USAs economy. The US government recently increased their interest rate, and this increment will have an impact on the interest rate in Singapore (Filardo, Genberg and Hofmann, 2016.). Exchange Rate Risk For companies that have partnered foreign companies will also have to face exchange rate risk. When two trading companies from different country have a business transaction, at least one party will have to face the exchange rate risk of dealing with another currency. A slight change of exchange rate in the market can cause one party to pay more, or receive less (Jamilov and gert, 2014). Market Volatility Specifically for the money market trading strategy, the short term financing create a risk in volatility of the market. This volatility causes the return to be unstable and there is a possibility for a company to receive a lesser return at the end of the contract, than as stated during the beginning of the contract. The cost of transaction for short term financing of money market strategy is also more costly compared to other financing instruments. Instrument Risk This arises when there is adverse condition in the market and there is counterpart default and credit risk. The money market will consist of the fixed deposits and the treasury bills and the commercial paper. There is a number of risk then there is less risk due to security and capital structure. In case there is crisis all over the World the borrowers will have to fail if they buy the instrument so there is a risk Reinvestment Risk This risk is of investing in the funds at a lower rate and there the yield will be lower. The task of managing the reinvestment is very difficult and the short term rates are volatile. In money market they invest on short term instruments when the yield curve is flat. Since there money market instruments are very volatile there may be reinvestment risk which needs to be eliminated. Counterparty Risk In case of this risk the issuer or the debtor will have the obligation to pay back the borrowed amount. This will lead the investors to sell off the commercial paper, irrespective of issuer, selling off indiscriminately. Banks stopped lending to each other, cash markets froze and multiple counterparties. To manage counterparty risk, RECM only invests in counterparties with strong balance sheets and analyses their prudential liquidity requirements, as required by the Reserve Bank, to identify banks that are facing potential liquidity pressure. RECM Executive Chairman Piet Viljoen explains: Even though poor quality counterparties generally pay higher yields, we generally avoid the Political Risk There have been a number of steps that has been taken to combat the political risk which has a implication on the money market. This is due to the reason that the money market has on the supply of the market. This is due to the fact that has on the supply of the market and on the exchange risk. The money market players are the large institutional bodies which have good hold over the market and of the risks involved there are also interest and also market risks References Al-Majali, A.A. and Al-Assaf, G.I., 2014. Long-run and short-run relationship between stock market index and main macroeconomic variables performance in Jordan.European Scientific Journal, ESJ,10(10). Benes, J., Berg, A., Portillo, R.A. and Vavra, D., 2015. Modeling sterilized interventions and balance sheet effects of monetary policy in a New-Keynesian framework.Open Economies Review,26(1), pp.81-108. Bertay, A.C., Demirg-Kunt, A. and Huizinga, H., 2013. Do we need big banks? Evidence on performance, strategy and market discipline.Journal of Financial Intermediation,22(4), pp.532-558. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Bruno, V. and Shin, H.S., 2015. Capital flows and the risk-taking channel of monetary policy.Journal of Monetary Economics,71, pp.119-132. Filardo, A., Genberg, H. and Hofmann, B., 2016. Monetary analysis and the global financial cycle: An Asian central bank perspective.Journal of Asian Economics,46, pp.1-16. Ghosh, A., 2016. How does banking sector globalization affect banking crisis?.Journal of Financial Stability,25, pp.70-82. Jamilov, R. and gert, B., 2014. Interest rate pass-through and monetary policy asymmetry: A journey into the Caucasian black box.Journal of Asian Economics,31, pp.57-70. Kuttner, K.N. and Shim, I., 2016. Can non-interest rate policies stabilize housing markets? Evidence from a panel of 57 economies.Journal of Financial Stability,26, pp.31-44. Loo, H.T., Ang, H.L., Chan, J.Y., Goh, Y.W. and Tan, S.M., 2017.The Determinants of Credit Risk in Five Selected Southeast Asian Countries(Doctoral dissertation, UTAR). Ma, G., Xiandong, Y. and Xi, L., 2013. Chinas evolving reserve requirements.Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies,11(2), pp.117-137. Melvin, M. and Norrbin, S., 2017.International money and finance. Academic Press. Papadamou, S., Sidiropoulos, M. and Spyromitros, E., 2014. Does central bank transparency affect stock market volatility?.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,31, pp.362-377. Papadamou, S., Sidiropoulos, M. and Spyromitros, E., 2017. Does central bank independence affect stock market volatility?.Research in International Business and Finance. Turner, P., 2014. The global long-term interest rate, financial risks and policy choices in EMEs. Van Leuvensteijn, M., Srensen, C.K., Bikker, J.A. and Van Rixtel, A.A., 2013. Impact of bank competition on the interest rate pass-through in the euro area.Applied Economics,45(11), pp.1359-1380.

Explorers Of Yesterday And Today Essays - Exploration, Explorers

Explorers Of Yesterday And Today Explorers: Yesterday and Today The world is always making new progress and discovering new ideas. People are needed and to discover new places. Like the first European explorers, astronauts of today must go where no man has gone before. Both of them must conqueror their fears of dying by trying to discover beyond what most already know. European explorers and astronauts of today have similarities and differences in motives, the personal qualities needed, and the challenges faced. European explorers had different motives for discovering the new land. The four main motives for going to explore the rest of the world were the desire for wealth and power, religious aims, the Renaissance spirit, and improvements in technology. For astronauts the main motives for going into space are almost infinite. the main one was to see what was going on out there; pure curiosity. the European explorers had the same curiosity that todays astronauts had and will have. In order to go and discover such places, certainly qualities are needed. The Europeans still had thought that the world was flat. People such as Columbus took this risk to find out the truth. Many of the early voyages and even success, and the discoverers became famous. The astronauts of today have become famous by going on the moon and doing what no other man had done before. Neil Armstrong's first step on the moon opened many new doors. Without the of bravery and courage that those men have and still will go through, we might have never come this far. It took so long for these things to be discovered because many town is came along the way. But the bigger the price you pay, the more you are going to receive. The European explorers did not discover America in a day. It didn't take NASA 30 seconds to build a rocket. Back in the times, when people thought that new lands and Space Flight were crazy, others pressed on disregarding the insults and the media(or public back when the first European explorers were around. Remember Rome was not built in a day! Just like Rome, the astronauts and explorers took time to discover what they found. As anyone can see, there are many differences between the astronauts of today and explorers of yesterday. The times is need and challenges along the way were both different in each situation. Somehow, both pulled through. Thanks to them, we have so much. Both contributed to our world greatly. Government Essays

France vs. England essays

France vs. England essays There were absolutely many differences in the way that the French and English colonized. Because England was to self-centered about their individuals than to worry anything about their colonies to the point you see France had sufficient time and occasion to colonize and try to succeed in the new world but didnt want to. Why they chose not to had to do with the political situation that arose in Europe at the time and the fact that they were lacking freedom that others had in England as well as many other causes. English colonization roared and grew and grew. Loads and loads Puritans swamped to the colonies. They saw this as an opportunity to start over and do it all their way. Because they had the freedom and right to practice and teach any religion they chose. They started over with a clean slate and a sharpie. They were not so used to this though because in England where they used to preside the British would have persecuted them if they were to do any of that. The French on the other hand didnt have this problem because the French colonies were set up not to just increase land but to make a profit. Because religious freedom was never that major of a reason that people had to move to the New French Colonies. Social conflict also factored in a huge task. People in England just were not happy and could not do anything to become happy so they all jumped on the ship and came over to the new colonies. In France there was not near as many social problems as here were in England to cause a need to be a new place to go like there needed to be in England. The colonies had very different forms of government as well. The English colonies tended to govern themselves and not be connected to England because England was worried about protecting itself. It set up grass root democracies and voting systems to kind of self govern itself and worry about its own problems. Wherea ...

Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Relationships - Essay Example He taught me how to write before I went to school; every day; he would come home and sit with me on a small chair and table next to his huge study desk. At first, I would play around in the room running around and sometimes upsetting him with my toy cars. Most times, he would smile understandingly and after he was done working, I would help him tidy up the room. However, he gradually started insisting I sit still and he would then teach me how to print out letters, words and eventually sentences. At first, I did not like the restrictions involved while he was teaching me, but I gradually got used to them. In addition, when my father wants you to do something, it is easier to do it than resist him since he will inevitably wear you out. This was the first lesson I learned about him that informed most of my interactions and sometimes-even fights with him. I began school at a slightly older age than most of my colleagues, but when the teachers realized I had been homeschooled, they put m e in an accelerated program and I soon caught up with my peers. However, my father’s involvement in my life went beyond academics since he was an ardent sports fan and particularly loved football. Every Sunday, he would take me with him to the local stadium and we would watch the game and cheer his favorite team, which soon become our favorite. Sometimes when he came from work early, we would kick around a ball at the yard outside our house and then I would either join him in his study or watch TV in the den as he worked. One thing that he and I both loved apart from football was reading. He was a voracious reader and his study was filled with hundreds of books from all over the world; I had taken to perusing through some of those as I grew older and when he noticed my interest he bought me several children’s versions which I enjoyed immensely. By the time, I was 13, I had started reading most of the original works in his collection

Is Poland a consolidated democracy Research Paper

Is Poland a consolidated democracy - Research Paper Example The civil society, which gave voice to social groups, was a striking metaphysical idea that appeared to capture the wide gap between the ruled and rulers in the communist world (Biskupski 23). Only a few countries of the Soviet bloc - Poland and Hungary – exhibited sovereign structures of civil societies before the 90’s. These structures advocated, for this conceptual tool, to be applied in the whole region. Poland, in particular, pulled out from this Soviet bloc when the union broke. The country considers itself as a democracy, but questions have been raised to question this notion. Therefore, this paper will discuss whether or not Poland is a consolidated democracy giving facts in line with the instructions stated. The two-turnover test means that a nation has undergone the process of democratizing itself from an emergent democracy to a stable democracy (Davies 3). An emergent democracy must go through two democratic, as well as a peaceful turnover governing parties in order to become a stable democracy. Poland has undergone these changes, and it can be sternly ranked as a consolidated democracy (Davies 4). Poland, in 1989-1991, endorsed a democratic transition that put an end to the Polish Peoples Republic and created a democratic regime, which was referred to as the Polish Third Republic. After a decade of democratic consolidation, this country joined NATO, in 1999, along with the European Union (EU) in 2004. From the 70s to the 80s, tension increased between the citizens of Poland along with its Communist government. During this period, the rest of the Eastern bloc’s influence on the Soviet Union weakened. With the introduction of "perestroika" under Mikhail Gorbachev, in the Soviet Union, a chance was introduced finally to modify the system of ruling, after the harsh era of martial law (1981-83) brought by General Jaruzelski. After this period, Poland became a consolidated democracy (Davies 6). Poland

White Privilege - White people Essay Example for Free

White Privilege White people Essay A variety of factors within our society prevent equal opportunity. We still live in a racialized society where the color of our skin often determines how we are treated. Many white people do not recognize, or want to recognize that race still significantly impacts lives. Many white people are taught growing up not to think as racial beings, and this may contribute to many denying the privileges that go along with being white. Historically, the goal for equality and opportunity for everyone has not always existed and this has caused a heavy influence on society today. My research focuses on and investigates knowledge and perception on the importance of race, and how denial affects us all. White privilege is a social relation that benefits white persons over non-white persons. A said advantage enjoyed by persons of a socially privileged class based on the color of their skin. A racial category, which involves European-Americans and the â€Å"invisible norm† (IAW. 350) against other racial categories. It’s important to understand white privilege and how it affects society. A lack of understanding and recognition of unearned privilege may lead us to lack a desire to create a diverse atmosphere, and ways we can be more aware. White privilege may affect how we interact with each other and how those who do not share such advantages are affected. Some question, if white privilege still exists, and if it’s that big of a deal. And, if so, how can we work on reducing these effects? The idea of white privilege is said to divide whites and blacks into their own economic categories. While white people are given opportunities and benefits, dark colored skin people may be at a disadvantage to these opportunities and benefits. â€Å"Many analysis of white privilege interpret whiteness as an intangible economic good† ( Black Reconstruction in America: W. E. B. Du Bois. ). White privilege is the original form of racism that has existed throughout much of American history. Race has been used to define cultural categories of ‘white’ and ‘non-white’ human beings. Whites were defined as being the superior species and blacks were considered inferior and incapable of advancing themselves. The history of this way of thinking and racism go back hundreds of years and is the foundation of white privilege. Institutions gave preferential treatment to people whose ancestors came from Europe compared to people whose ancestors came from Asia and Africa. The white class was granted political and economic rights that people of color were denied. These past laws and the idea of race is what have directly contributed to our social inequalities, but do social inequalities currently exist? Many people today will contest that white privilege does in fact still exist. Most often, the person contesting is a white person being accused of enjoying social privilege simply because they are white. White privilege is a term that universally describes and views all white people as being granted with these advantages, but the majority of white people have to work hard to get to the position they desire. These positions aren’t reserved based on the color of our skin. We aren’t born with the right for a free ride, and we earn our way up just as any other person has to. This seems to be accurate and may give a quality argument to white privilege. Although, for white people born with greater resources it may be hard to see, and may not feel privileged or more powerful than others. Growing up comfortable and privileged may just be a way of life that we take for granted, unconsciously knowing we do. â€Å"Many people are unaware of their preferences for lighter skin† (The Persistent Problem of Racism: Skin tone, Status and Inequality. 238). Those who do enjoy these white privileges, it’s just normal. However; white privilege does vary depending on many factors. This may include sex, age, socioeconomic status and others. White skin may in fact be the favored group in our society. Statistics have shown white men and women hold more power positions than black men and women. We may be unaware that being white matters, but we still participate, intentionally or not. In her essay Seeing and Making Culture, Hooks, describes what it is like growing up poor. She says, â€Å"Many middle class black folks have no money because they regularly distribute their earnings among a larger kinship group where folks are poor and destitute† (IAW. 433). As I read this essay I noticed the terms ‘black’ and ‘white’ were used many times to describe a person. Also, it was as if she was implying most black people are poor and white people portray an economic class privilege image. She does acknowledge white poor people, but seems to focus on being black and poor. She explains what college was like as a young black girl, and says, â€Å"Students in the dormitory were quick to assume that anything missing had been taken by the black and Filipina women who worked there† (IAW. 433). The essays claim is the way we see and judge poor people, but it makes an attempt to acknowledge disadvantaged poor black people as well. This is an example of the way humans group other humans, stereotyping by race. As a white person we may feel being viewed as white and privileged people will automatically think we are spoiled jerks. The creation of our system in which race codes superiority over others has been bestowed upon us. Even though it’s confusing it’s purposeful American history. We must remind ourselves this system is not based on each individual white persons intentions to continue claiming that white privilege is rightly ours. Regardless of our personal intent the effects are the same. Our society, throughout history, sees white as normal and all other races as different from normal. Today, white people’s privileges may be something we cannot not get. For example, if I buy a box of band aids that say flesh color, I know it means the color of my white skin. White people have been educated to understand our culture and our race as being the social norm. Social norm is defined as beliefs within a society of appropriate behavioral expectations. An example of behavioral expectations of our white society is a young white boy reading a book as the social norm, but a young black boy reading a book is ‘acting white’. The white boy seemingly normal but the black boy performing a ‘white persons’ behavior. Comedian Chris Rock often talks of white privilege, and uses the issue in his stand-up routines almost always. At one point he says to an audience of many white people, â€Å"None of ya would change places with me! And I’m rich! That’s how good it is to be white! It’s not like slavery ended and then everything has been amazing† (Chris Rock. About America). Even in an interview about life as a comedian he says, â€Å"Black people have first- hand knowledge on racism† (Chris Rock. Hilarious Interview). Racism is so deeply rooted in our society. Is it even possible for people of any skin color to just look at people as humans? It is assumed, no matter our skin color, we gravitate to people who look like ourselves. This includes personality, religion, morals as well as features. We are naturally attracted and comfortable with people who resemble ourselves. This seems like a normal behavior. It doesn’t necessarily mean we dislike other races. Regardless of skin color, people who are white/black/brown, all discriminate against other races and cultures. Most all humans are guilty of making judgments against another before knowing or learning anything about the person. This applies to people of all groups and of any color for many different reasons. It is an unconscious act, and a part of our human nature. White privilege is an unwilling and non-owned racism that has been ingrained into our mindset throughout history. Racism comes from both sides. People of all colors are continuing these behaviors and racism continues to be a modern day battle. Racism is affecting us all. If white privilege is inequality among races it is creating dysfunctional relationships between races. Many black people feel white people have an obligated duty to clean up the racist messes they have created throughout history. People with dark skin have negative feelings toward people with light skin for slavery and civil rights. How is this fair? Most people dislike racism, and this includes white people. Our society has created a practice of stereotyping into categories by skin color. Many white people feel targeted for their white privilege. Are we in denial white privilege still exists, or is it a misunderstanding? It has been said an advantage of white privilege is white people having more wealth that is being passed from generation to generation. We benefit from this financial assistance giving white people a better starting point in life. Although, in my experience, my family and ancestors have worked hard for their money and some of my family living in poverty. I have not benefited from any wealth being passed down to me. Throughout history white people have worked hard and in return they claim the land and wealth. Is white privilege today being confused for cultural differences, or are we taught not to recognize it? â€Å"Many white Americans have lived under the assumption that if they worked hard, they would be rewarded. Now more white Americans are sharing unemployment lines with â€Å"those people† – black and brown† (Tim Wise. White Like Me. ). People of color say they worry about being discriminated against for the color of their skin. They feel disadvantaged when seeking housing, employment or simply shopping in stores. They feel they have worked just as hard as white people, but they still don’t make it to their level of success. Also saying having light skin is one less worry white people have, and People who are poor and white, still have the benefit of ‘looking white’ and the advantages that come along with having white skin. White people have even claimed the identity of who we are as Americans. It seems history continues to echo, making ‘white’ the default race in America. There are Asian Americans, African Americans, Mexican Americans and Americans, and we automatically assume American is a Caucasian person, without adding something extra to the name. It seems white dominates the American population. A white American is considered to be the model race. It has been consistent that white is the national identity. White people are the majority in most regions. We have stayed confined in a world that doesn’t challenge this distribution of power and this allows continued inequality and injustice in the United States. Shouldn’t we understand there’s only one race, the human race? As humans we are different. We have different hair color, eye color, personality and skin color. â€Å"The accident of where one is born is just that, an accident† (IAW. 669). Is the idea of different races ignorant thinking, I mean we can all reproduce with one another! My first day of high school I was surprised when I stepped out of my mother’s car and looked around to see the majority of students were black or brown. I have to admit I was a bit intimidated. I was worried I may not fit in. This high school was very multicultural. Still today, when I tell people where I went to high school they may make a racist joke, or say, â€Å"oh the gangster school†. I get irritated, because it’s a typical stereotype. My experience was ok. I had friends with brown, black and white skin. We all came from different backgrounds, but we were all very close friends, and most of us are still today. Some of my dark skinned friends would joke around and call me white devil or white girl. It was ok and considered normal for the dark skinned kids to make jokes about the white kids, but NOT ok for the white kids to make jokes about brown/black kids. Although, we made friendships work, the white kids never completely fit in to the cliques. We were the ‘white’ boy or girl of the group. â€Å"Back when television was dominant, young whites could consume black style and expressive culture† (IAW. 514). This describes almost every white boy or girl, and my high school experience. And now today, â€Å"the racial perceptions and biases we develop in our off-line lives, they conclude, likely creep into our online lives† (IAW. 515). So, just like my real-life high school experience, it has continued into our new age technologically advanced generation, where social media is taking over. Myspace and facebook are the new age cliques. And, as in the real world, is racially divided. It is being said more white people are using facebook and darker skinned people are using myspace. â€Å"Researchers began to ponder how social inequalities impact engagement with the internet† (IAW. 506). Social media mirrors our social divides in the real physical world. People migrate towards others who share the same values and beliefs, and who they are most comfortable interacting with. â€Å"Social inequalities still matter in the physical world. And as we are learning they also matter in the virtual world† (IAW. 507).

Ovids Devaluation of Sympathy in Metamorphoses Essay -- Ovid Metamorp

Ovid's Devaluation of Sympathy in Metamorphoses  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Ovid reveals two similar tales of incest in the Metamorphoses. First, he describes the non-sisterly love Byblis acquires for her twin brother Caunus. Later, he revisits the incestuous love theme with the story of Myrrha who develops a non-filial love for her father, Cinyras. The two accounts hold many similarities and elicit varying reactions. Ovid constantly tugs at our emotions and draws forth alternating feelings of pity and disgust for the matters at hand. "Repetition with a difference" in these two narratives shows how fickle we can be in allotting and denying sympathy, making it seem less valuable. Both tales begin drawing forth a sense of disgust for the situation in general yet arousing pity for each girl's predicament. Ovid clearly labels the love Byblis and Myrrha pursue illegitimate when he summarizes the moral of Byblis' tale stating, "when girls love they should love lawfully" (Mandelbaum 307) and reveals that "to hate a father is / a crime, but love like [Myrrha's] is worse than hate" (338) before describing Myrrha's tale. By presenting the girls as criminals, Ovid leads us to despise them. He then proceeds to draw out sympathy for Byblis and Myrrha as he describes their unsuccessful attempts to overcome these desires. Byblis dreams intimately about Caunus, but "when she's awake, she does not dare / to let her obscene hopes invade her soul" (308). "[Myrrha] strives; she tries; she would subdue / her obscene love," but she cannot (339). Right away, Ovid makes us question if these situations deserve our sympathy. Byblis and Myrrha compel readers to sympathize with their plight as they orally confess their incestuous passions. They use selective lang... ...d leaves us feeling sorry for Myrrha. Ovid tells this tale of forbidden sin twice to show how inconsistent we are in allotting pity. He begins both tales drawing forth our contempt for the matters at hand, then ends both tales with images that arouse our pity. Throughout each story, our emotions sway between pity and disgust. Even though incest disgusts us, we sympathize with Byblis and Myrrha as they seek incestuous loves. Byblis' broken heart arouses our sympathy, yet Myrrha's "fulfilled heart" disgusts us. Ovid devalues our sympathy by showing how unstable we are with our emotions. Works Cited Mandelbaum, Allen, trans. The Metamorphoses of Ovid. By Ovid. San Diego: Harcourt Brace & company, 1993. Crane, Gregory, ed. Perseus Project. 1995. Tufts University. 6 Oct. 1999 <http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=ov.+met.+init>      

Why was Malthus wrong about Japan?

Today Japan is a highly developed first world country with a vast population and a booming economy. The demographic history of Japan and how it reached this renowned economic status has been the focus of much theorising and has engaged the minds of many demographers, economists and historians for centuries. Japan is unique in the way its population has changed and its economy has developed without the stimulus of overseas markets. It does not boast the best physical landscape, being 85 percent mountainous, and it is not well endowed in terms of resources. Despite these negative attributes however, Japan has developed, and to such an extent it can now boast one of the worlds leading economies. Indeed Japan was the only country outside the western world to have developed at a similar rate. In the 18th century a Swedish doctor, P. Thunberg commented on Japan, ‘Of all the countries that inhabit the three largest parts of the globe, the Japanese deserved to be ranked first, and to be compared with the Europeans. ‘ (Modern Japan, P. Duus. ) It stands to reason therefore that Japan's history merits such a wealth of discussion amongst academics. Part of Japan's success as a country has to be attributed to its longstanding political regime. For centuries Japan was an empire ruled by an emperor based at Kyoto. From the 12th century however Japan was governed by Shogun (military leaders) who oversaw the day-to-day life of the Japanese people. The emperor, in effect, was under house arrest, taking a submissive role being more of a spiritual leader to the people. The year 1600 saw an important event for the political governing of Japan. It was in this year that a battle (Sekigahara) established the supremacy of the Tokugawa family as ruling shoguns. From 1600 to 1868 this family ruled and these 268 years of Japan's history became known as the Tokugawa period. It is this period that is of fascination to many demographers as during this time Japan experienced stagnation in its population but it also seemed to be the onset of its economic success. From the early 18th century to the Meiji restoration in 1868 Japan's population stayed at around 33 million. It is this 150-year period of stagnation that is of interest to studiers of the demographic history of Japan. There is also much discussion as to whether the population as it was, was inextricably linked to economic growth or vice versa. Searches for explanation of population trends date back centuries. One of the earliest and probably the most famous explanation of observed population figures in the world in general, was put forward by the Rev. Thomas R. Malthus in the 18th century. In 1798 Malthus's ‘Essay on Population' was published, in which he wrote at length on past, present and future population trends of mankind. His most famous stance on population levels was that ‘population, when unchecked increases in geometrical ratio; subsistence only in an arithmetical ratio. (Malthusian Population Theory, McCleary. ) He believed that mans (sic) power to produce population is greater than his power to produce subsistence, thus meaning that that the population of a country was constantly held in check by misery and vice. From this a simple model is produced illustrating the point that if populations increases; food prices will increase; real income will decrease; and thus mortality will increase (figure 1. ) The ultimate check according to his works was the want of food, but this was never an immediate check except in the case of actual famines. The constant checks can be classified into two sets, preventative and positive. Positive checks are multifarious and include such components as exposure to the elements, epidemics, war, plagues, famines and extreme poverty. The preventative checks can be further sub-classified into vice and non-vice. According to Malthus however, there is only one preventative check that can be classified as vice and this is moral restraint. The consideration of moral restraint was a latter thought from Malthus, added to his ‘essay' in 1803. From this a more optimistic model of possibility was constructed (Fig 2. ) The two checks vary inversely from one another and can be in operation with varying affect according to the society in which there are operational. The situation as it was in Japan must have had some constituent that caused the observed trends in population. If Malthus's theory is believed to have been operational in Japan then some sort of check was holding the population at its stagnated rate. Japan, unlike Europe at the time was a closed system. Emigration was unheard of and likewise nobody entered the country. Internal migration was also low, although would not have affected population figures. This was mainly due the Tokugawa establishing a period of isolation, cutting Japan off from the rest of the trading world. In terms of Japans population this meant that migration was not responsible for the stagnation, therefore according to Malthus it must be due to high mortality rates and/or moral restraint alone. Malthus travelled to various European countries to study their population trends in order to supplement the work in his first essay. He did not however make it as far as Asia, but did manage to comment on Japan and China in his work. He tended to make generalisations about Japan based on his thoughts about China, believing that in both of these countries moral restraint was not practiced, as it was only adapted to Western Europe. His work led him to believe that in Japan and China marriage was universal and occurred at a very young age. Taking this into account, Malthus attributed positive checks on population to the cause of the stagnation the Tokugawa period. Included in the positive checks Malthus believed occurred in Japan was the act of infanticide or ‘mabiki', literally meaning ‘thinning out. ‘ Again he depicted Japan as being similar to China, but whether he was wrongly casting aspersions about Japan or whether infanticide was one of the components accountable for the population trends is another area that has been widely debated. Many people in this field of work since Malthus have devised various explanations as to the cause of Japans stagnation, and many have been curious as to whether Malthus was right about Japan. In order to deem Malthus right or wrong on this topic information on fertility and mortality levels as well as the marriage system and evidence of infanticide is needed. Early studiers of Japan's history found a way of gathering such information. During the Tokugawa period a registration system, known as Shumon Aratame Cho, was devised (mainly for tax reasons) that recorded births, deaths and other such information for villages in Japan. By studying, what were tantamount to an early form of census, family reconstitution is possible and a better idea of the overall demographic change at that time in Japan is given. Generations of population historians have performed village studies and different generations have varying ideas about the trend in population. The first generation of population historians believed Malthusian checks to be in action in Japan. Subsequent work has questioned this conclusion and many other avenues of thought have been opened up. Levels of fertility are related to marital patterns. This is an area that Malthus had decidedly definite views on in Japan. A control on marriage may have been responsible for the stagnation experienced between 1700 and 1850. This kind of population control may have been conducted in Japan in order to yield positive benefits from lower fertility levels, managed food prices and improved real incomes. Malthus believed that nuptuality in China and Japan was universal and occurred at a young age. He did not believe that controls on marriage could occur in Japan as outside Western Europe h thought that ‘the passion between the sexes is necessary' and cannot be overcome (Malthusian Population Theory, McCleary. From studies of nuptuality records (including components such as age at marrying and proportion of people ever married) it is shown that marriage was universal in Japan but was not at such an early age as it was in China. If nuptuality levels for Japan are compared with England and China for the same time period, then Japan falls somewhere in the middle (see fig 3. ) Universal marrying would suggest high levels of fertility but as discussed this was not the case in Tokugawa Japan. The issue of marrying at a later age can account for low levels of fertility, and possible reduced fecundability in women. Other factors can be attributed to fertility levels and many studies have been carried out in this area. T. C Smith, part of a later generation of population historians, conducted a study of a village which he named ‘Nakahara,' to give an overall general pattern of what was occurring in Japan at this time. Smith looked at fertility levels of the village and constructed fertility curves to examine the possibility of infanticide. The curves showed low levels of fertility, and were convex suggesting that there was an absence of birth control in the village. This adheres loosely to the standard levels of fertility at the time; although the figures in question were lower (fertility levels were naturally low in Tokugawa Japan, lower than pre-industrial Europe. ) Smith believed that the low levels of fertility were due not only to factors such spacing and lactational amenorrhea, as put forward by some of his contemporaries (e. g. Cornell), but also to the practice of infanticide. If Smith's study is consistent with the rest of Japan, then Malthus's theory would be true. However fertility curves alone do not prove beyond doubt that infanticide was occurring. L. Cornell believed the reasons for the low levels of fertility could be explained by factors other than infanticide. She believed the low level of fertility in general in Japan was a result of cultural rather than structural patterns. One of the main reasons put forward for this was the long lactation periods of Japanese mothers. It is biologically proven that the longer the lactation period after birth the harder it is for a couple to conceive their next child. This, Cornell attributes to the observed low fertility levels. Another reason put forward is migration patterns of males in villages at that time, causing a reduction in fecundability. Migration to castle towns, where employment had a large pulling power, was seasonal in villages and as a result of long periods of migration, fecundability decreased and fertility was kept at a low level. Cornell believed that these factors not deliberate controls on family size by the practice of infanticide as other academics believed, caused low levels of fertility in Japan. This was brought about by controls on society by over-riding cultural trends. Smith however, had evidence other than fertility curves to support his claim about infanticide. He studied the sex bias in families in Nakahara to add weight to his argument. He believed that the sex of the next child in a family was enforced by infanticide. Assumptions are easily made that this practice accords with the widely heard of folklore that males were the preferred sex in Japanese households, therefore one would expect the sex ratio to be male biased. However Smith found from his studies that the sex of the next child was not biased to males. He tabulated the evidence, which showed that in a family with predominantly male children, the next child was more likely to be female, and in families that had equal number of male and female children, the next child was most likely to be a male. The opposite was true in families with predominantly female children. However sex selectiveness was not found in other studies, for example in a study by Hayami, there was no evidence of sex selectiveness in families. Smith used this evidence to suggest that infanticide was a means of family limitation in Japan. Another piece evidence he found for the practice of infanticide was that small landholders had fewer children than large landholders, suggesting that family limitation was practiced as a long-term plan, so as to not put financial on the existing family and to maintain living standards. This idea has been rejected however by other authors such as Hanley and Yamamura who believed that infanticide was not only practised by peasants and poor families, but also by the rich who chose to limit their family in order to husband assets. Many authors speculate that infanticide was also practiced to limit the number of male heirs in a family and lessen the competition for family headship. On the matter of infanticide in Japan, contrasting ideas make it difficult to conclude if Malthus was correct in his assumption. However what can be concluded is that villages would have undoubtedly varied in their practices and beliefs. From a persons study of one village it would be wrong to conclude that infanticide was or was not practised in general in Japan. What would be a fair assumption would be to say that infanticide probably was operational in some areas and not in others. However it seems unlikely that infanticide alone, occurring in some areas would lead to the stagnated population that occurred in Japan at this time. Other checks on population must now be looked at to prove or disprove Malthus's theory. It is a given that fertility levels were low in Tokugawa Japan, so according to Malthus mortality must be a contributing factor of the population stagnation. From the Shumon Aratame Cho it is difficult to gain an idea of mortality levels, especially infant mortality. It has been estimated (Cornell) that by as late as 1926 a quarter of all deaths in Japan were infants. In the early Tokugawa period death rates were high and fluctuating. The life expectancy at birth at this time was in the low thirties. Epidemics as a constant check, proposed by Malthus, occurred regularly in Japan; however by about the 16th century the population was large enough to support such disasters. There were also some wide spread famines, particularly bad ones occurring in the 1730's, 1780's and the 1830's, which obviously would have made a dent in population figures. However there is a tendency for populations to recover quickly from famines, and many people would have simply moved away from the area. These two Malthusian checks seem not to have had a large impact on death rates, suggesting Malthus was wrong about Japan in this case in point. Death rates not associated with widespread disasters, must also be take into account. Mortality levels were generally higher in the cities, of which there were about 200 at this time, than in the countryside. An increase in the number of people living in cities could account for a high national mortality level; however improvements in the standard of living meant that death rates actually decreased in these areas. It seems that in this period of Japan's history contrasting factors were at work keeping the death rates at a constant level. Warfare decreased at the beginning of the Tokugawa period, lowering death rates; but epidemics were introduced, increasing the rates. Similarly death rates increased slightly as cities grew, but the improvements of living standards combated this increase. Malthus was correct in the sense that checks on population were occurring in Tokugawa Japan, however he did not account for the fact that Japan with a completely different culture and set of traditions from Europe, would have had different ‘checks' on the population working in opposition to the ones he proposed. A picture is now appearing of life in Tokugawa Japan. Fertility levels were low; mortality levels were high and fluctuating at the start of this period but then decreased towards the end. These two demographic variables can account in part for the population remaining constant for so many years, but it is not exactly in accordance with what Malthus thought about Japan. In reality Japan was much more akin to England in terms of its demography than China. Malthus was wrong in this case as well. He presumed Japan to be dissimilar to European countries and because of its locality in relation to China, to be much more alike it neighbouring country. Malthus had some general thoughts on population, not specific to Japan, but which are also wrong in Japans case. Malthus believed that ‘man (sic) does not like hard work', and this is why subsistence cannot take keep pace with population. This would ultimately lead to a positive check on population, which Malthus did believe was occurring in Japan. From the time of the Tokugawa period to present day, the people of Japan have shown to have been hardworking, which is represented in the level of their economic success today. From the 17th century agriculture was the main employment sector in Japan. During this century agriculture took off at a vast rate and began to keep pace with the growing number of mouths. As the population slowed and productivity continued to increase, the per capita food supply also increased. Small-scale cultivators dominated the agricultural economy in Tokugawa Japan, but this was only the starting point of the economic transitional change in Japan. By the late Tokugawa period, ‘proto-industrialsation', a term referring to the production of goods for distant markets was underway. New technologies spread and output of products such as soy sauce, bean paste and vegetable oil was a substantial proportion of all non-agricultural output. Proto-industialisation was concentrated in rural areas, which meant migration to large cities slowed, which in turn would have affected mortality rates, as mortality was consistently higher in these areas. In this case Malthus was also wrong in his assumptions about Japan. The population did not grow in a geometric ratio whilst the subsistence only grew in an arithmetical ratio. In fact quite the opposite occurred during the Tokugawa period in Japan. Overall it seems Malthus was wrong in most of his assumptions about Japan, such as universally low ages of marriage, moral restraint not being practised and widespread infanticide. However he did touch upon factors that operated in Japan as they did in many other countries at that time, such as family limitation and preventative checks affecting population numbers. In fact given the very little first hand knowledge Malthus actually knew about Japan, the only way his speculations could have been correct would have been purely by chance, which as highlighted is the not the case. Malthus was incorrect in his assumptions about the extent to which population-influencing factors occurred in Japan. Never the less he gave many population historians a foothold to further investigate the demographics of historic Japan.

Analysis of Orwells Coming up for Air and 1984

4. On the surface, Coming Up for Air and 1984 are completely different thematically, as one deals squarely with the past and the other is firmly concerned about the future. A deeper probe reveals striking similarities in the way Orwell perceives the effects of war on an individual and collective psyche. Reading both of these novels in tandem reveals the way World War Two solidified many of Orwells beliefs about totalitarian governments and the pitfalls of modernity. Moreover, Orwell seems convinced that society is headed down the wrong road. Orwell uses the past to send a warning about the future in Coming Up for Air, and that warning is articulated and expressed with full force in 1984. One of the main differences between Coming Up for Air and 1984 is that the former is concerned more with the ravages of capitalism, industrialization, and urbanization; whereas the latter is concerned more with totalitarianism and the failure of democracy. Another difference is that Winston in 1984, and eventually Julia also, completely distance themselves from the past. The past is being continually rewritten with the help of tools like the memory hole and the agencies like the Ministry of Truth and Ministry of Love. In fact, the memory hole in 1984 contrasts sharply with the memory lane nostalgia that encapsulates George Bowlings search for inner peace and identity. Yet both novels show that the past does not necessarily have a bearing on the future. The past controls Bowlings life,Show MoreRelatedAldous Huxley And Orwell s Dystopian Dispute1882 Words   |  8 PagesHuxley and Orwell’s Dystopian Dispute This essay aims to note the various ways in which our modern times share, although diluted, notable aspects central to the dystopian cities in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and the setting called Oceania in 1894 by George Orwell. In both novels the reality of its citizens have been sculpted by a direct effort from the residing government. Their aim is principally at controlling the one facet that guides and motivates humans, their seeking of pleasure. TheirRead MoreApple Inc History4725 Words   |  19 Pagesthat the project was more of a hobby than a business venture at first. In Apple Confidential; The Definite History of the World’s Most Colorful Company he said â€Å"it never crossed my mind to sell computers. It was Steve who said, ’Let’s hold them in the air and sell a few.’†Along the way they had help with their ideas from members of the Homebrew Computer Club, a computer hobbyist group. Their first product the Apple I, a circuit b oard, was completed in early 1976. Originally Jobs and Wozniak each triedRead More PARADISE FLUBBED: Pynchon the New World Essay4618 Words   |  19 PagesPARADISE FLUBBED: Pynchon the New World When, in Gravitys Rainbow, A screaming comes across the sky, it is the sound of a V-2 rocket arcing up and over the English Channel.But the rockets vapor trail (which Pirate Prentice sees from kneedeep in the primordial mulch of his bananararium) points further on: over the Atlantic, on toward America, the New World, Tyrone Slothrops yearned-for, perhaps illusory home. The rockets path ends a fraction of an inch above the readers head, theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagescontributions to organization theory made by critical management studies. It really is pathbreaking in terms of its inclusion of material that does not appear in other texts. Professor Hugh Willmott, Cardiff Business School, UK This is one of the most up-to-date and comprehensive texts in the field of organization studies. It takes the reader through different perspectives and various topics on management and organizing, discussing these in some depth and detail. It offers a historically grounded, critical-reflexive