MIH514 - Cross-Cultural Perspectives Module 1 - SLP Essay

MIH514 - Cross-Cultural Perspectives Module 1 - SLP - strive ExampleBesides, immigration laws argon relatively friendlier especially with growing number of edu-tourism agencies, which are aggressive in ensnaring would-be students. Of great importance is the enormity of Malayanansias diversities.Most of what is presently called Malaysia was under the Buddhist Malay earth of Srivijaya, for almost five centuries (from the 9th to the 13th centuries AD). The territory later came under the powerful Hindu kingdom of Majapahit in the 14th century. Islam started penetrating the Malays in the early part of the 14th century through to the fifteenth century. By this time, Malaca has become a major commercial centre, where Chinese, Arabs, Malays and Indians traded. Europeans traders (starting with the Portuguese and the Dutch) joined in the 16th century. The British gained control of Malaca from the Dutch in 1826 (www.state.gov).In 1867, Britain formally established control of the land as a c olony. After almost a century rule (in 1963), present-day Malaysia created. By 1965, the British colonial governance separated Singapore (with a dominant Chinese macrocosm) as an independent country from Malaysia (now with dominant Malay population) given the prevalent tension between the two territorially disaggregated populations (World Almanac Education Group, 2006, 802).Today, Malaysia with a population of about 28 million is considered as one of the most cosmopolitan countries in the world. It a core group sustained relationship among Indonesian archipelago, the Islamic world, India, China, and Europe. This makes it one of the most heterogeneous countries in the world with a blend of Malay, Chinese, Indian, Eurasian cultures as well as cultures of indigenous groups. Religion strongly correlates with ethnicity in Malaysia. The Malays are largely Muslims, the Chinese are dominantly Buddhists while the

Characteristics of a small business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Characteristics of a small blood line - Essay ExampleThe first thing that is necessary for a small business is with reward to its ownership. A small business should be a sole proprietorship rather than a subsidiary or a branch. Within USA, the number of employees inwardly a small business should range 500 to 1500 within a manufacturing firm contrastingly within Europe, this range is limited to 50 employees to consider a business as small. Considering the revenue characteristic, the amount of revenue being generated annually should range from $5 million to $21 million (considering the business is within US and persists to retailing). If the nature of the business relates to a service industry, the annual acknowledge should range between $2.5 million to $21.5 million. General and Heavy construction businesses should generate annual revenue between $13.5 million to $17 million in order to be attributed as a small business. With respect to the industry and the businesses dominance, a business should not be operating within such an industry where it is the single buyer or the lone seller. This would lead to the business being classified as a monopoly and indeed the business may not be considered as a small business.Besides that, the legal milieu within a country usually restrains a company from operating as a monopoly. This is a certain legal restriction imposed by the government of a country to serve the great good of the public in order to ensure that businesses do not charge a lavishly price.There is a strong belief within the US that small businesses help in generating the highest direct of jobs. As small businesses are usually sole-proprietorship, its work life balance helps in reducing racial differences and it also helps in empowering the women of the country via increased self-employment.Small businesses help in stimulating the country economy. This arousal is made possible by the creation of employment, hence eradicating

Talent Acquisition within Aviation Industry Essay

genius acquirement within Aviation Industry - Essay ExampleThe sacrifice research has identified that an effective talent acquisition model should focus on identification of enlisting gaps, suggest essence of overcoming recruitment gaps, analyse talent acquisition system adopted by a company, determine the cost of talent acquisition, and analyse the impact of talent acquisition in a company. Talent acquisition model should also determine the flexibility of talent acquisition in a company. This should go through along with change management and execution of various strategies adopted in the company. This provides room for human resource management of the company to make the necessary adjustments in their talent acquisition strategies. The analysis of Talent Acquisition Model will aid in answering research questions. The model will be employ in the selected aviation industry companies. Talent Acquisition Model aids in identification of challenges and need of talent acquisition in a company. The model identifies recruitment gaps, as well as identifying means of addressing the recruitment gaps. According to Sluis, talent management in an organization is crucial in order to operate that the organization has the potential to accomplish its anticipated goals and objectives. Organization talent management focuses on utilization of skills effectively. most of multinational organizations focus on talent recruitment at a global scene. However, this recruitment strategy has been impacted by liberalizations policies.

The Impact of Motivation on English Language Learning Research Paper

The Impact of Motivation on English Language Learning - Research Paper ExampleAlthough it is widely documented that motivating is a proven means to success in expression learning, several countries, like the Gulf States, remain loath to cultivate learners motivation to learn a second style due to several reasons. Therefore, this research paper analyses the impact of motivation on English language learning. Introduction Motivation has been broadly recognised by scholars, researchers, and teachers as one of the major variables that determine the level and success of second language learning (SLA). As emphasised by Dornyei (2001), teacher skills in motivating learners should be seen as central to teaching lastingness (P. 116). Motivated learners are enthusiastic, eager to work hard, concentrate on the tasks given, do not require perpetual encouragement, willingly confront challenges, and could even motivates others, facilitating collaborative learning. The early attempt to unders tand the impact of motivation on English language learning stems from the issue of social psychology (Gu, 2009). This research paper analyses the impact of motivation on English language learning in terms of the various motivational theories. The motivation of learners greatly affects their willingness to take part in the process of learning. Numerous studies have reported the importance of viewing the judgment of motivation as a multifaceted phenomenon. Oxford and Shearin (1994) have examined a number of motivational theories and six variables that determine motivation in language learning (Al-Bustan & Al-Bustan, 2009, S454) Attitudes (i.e. sentiments towards the target language). Beliefs about self (i.e. expectations about ones attitudes to succeed, self-efficiency, and anxiety). Goals (perceived clarity and relevance of learning goals as reasons for learning). Involvement (i.e. extent to which the learner actively and consciously participates in the learning process). Environm ental support (i.e. extent of teacher and peer support). Personnel attributes (i.e. aptitude, and language learning experience). As argued by Pit Corder, given motivation, it is inevitable that a human being will learn a second language if he is exposed to the language data (Dornyei & Ushioda, 2009, 1). This statement was given four decades ago and, from then on, numerous theroetical perspectives and studies investigating the multifaceted nature of motivation and its impact on second language learning have emerged. At the same time, the world has also witnessed the growth of world-wideisation, European reconstruction, the demise of communism, spacious economic and political migration, greater mobility, and the rapid development of media technologiesall contributing to the relentless pace of global English (McKay, 2002). In other words, over the recent decades the world has transformed dramaticallyit is currently fantastic by sociocultural and linguistic flexibility and diversity , where language learning, identity, and ethnicity have become multifaceted contemporary airfield matters and the focus of considerable attention in the field of sociolinguistic. However, it is only recently that those engaged in the field of second language learning motivation have actually started to investigate what this evolving global phenomena may apprize for how scholars conceptualise the motivation to acquire proficiently in global English as second language for individuals wanting to gain global recognition or identity (Shafaei & Nejati, 2008). In other words, motivation

Project Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Summary - Essay ExampleKahiki foods are one and only(a) of the or so respected players in the food industry. Over the years, the organization endured rough terrain in business to end up a multi-billion dollar food company. The organization attained massive milestone and increased in both(prenominal) efficiency and productivity. In addition, since 2007, Kahiki foods reduced financial constraints by realigning the cost of production and enhancing efficiency through simplification the time lags in the queuing system.However, while seeking to excel in the food industry, Kahiki foods has severe communication problems. First, the employees at Kahiki foods overwhelmingly complain of one way communication. This implies that there is no feedback from the solicitude with regards to an array of issues. The impact of one way communication is detrimental on the performance of the employees and their general welfare. This is because the employees feel neglected as management fails to d isseminate appropriate information to the necessary quarters. Personal issues among the employees, as well as management, also resist appropriate communication at the establishment. Professionalism is paramount at the work place as it assists the daily operations, as well as organizations growth, to flow accordingly. However, when employees and management allow personal issues into the communication pattern, a problem will erupt. For instance, two people failing to communicate on eminent business matters ground on personal disagreements tarnish the companys development agenda (Downs, Adrian & Downs, 2004). This does not only black down the growth rate of an organization but also damage the companys interactions with outsiders. diction barrier is also prevalent in Kahiki foods emanating from the fact that the organization has a global appeal. Kahiki foods attain homo resource from all corners of the world. This implies that people from different walks of life

Dubai is an example of modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Dubai is an example of modernity - Essay ExampleWith the breakthrough of oil in 1966, coupled with the vision on leadership of His Highness Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Dubai quickly dramatizeed in the latter half of the 20th and early part of the 21st centuries to make up one of the initiations foremost tourist destinations with world class hotels, entertainment, shopping, and sporting events. Dubai stands out immediately as a model in the Middle East for a modern, sophisticated Muslim society, steeped in tradition, but always striding forward with an eye to the future and leading the Middle East and the world in attracting businesses with a world-class cultural and scotch base. It has thus become in international city with economic and cultural impact far beyond its borders.Prior to 1833, there was little that existed on the Saudi Arabian peninsula but a finger of desert separating the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. All that existed in this small peninsular area wa s a creek, which was settled by some 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, led by the Maktoum Family (Government of Dubai). As a essential harbor, the creek allowed the Maktoum Family to utilize its resources for fishing, pearling, and trade. In 1835, Dubai and the rest of the small states in the region signed a everlasting(a) Maritime Truce with Great Britain, allowing it to come under the protection of the UK. (Dubai City Guide). Unlike its neighbors, Dubai stood out with its have attitude and fostering of trade and commerce, led by the rulers from the founding Maktoum Family. With the vision and leadership of Shaikh Saeed Maktoum, Daubai was encouraged to expand and look forward, toward the future, in an area which had traditionally looked toward the past. In 1892 he signed an exclusive business treat with the British and in 1894 permitted a full tax exemption for foreign traders (SkiDubai). Traders from all over the world descended on Dubai to take advantage of the

Global Management Competencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

ball-shaped Management Competencies - Essay exerciseBeyond such person-to-person sciences, global organization development and consulting skill areas such as multicultural team building, technology transfer, innovation, and change commission are also covered in this paper. Generic skill areas are applied and adapted to the specific subscriber line practices of different localities. Geographical examples are drawn from Asia, Europe, Latin America, Russia, and the Middle East.The business music director of today must have diversity principles at the forefront of his thinking. The coeval catch phrase think globally, act locally comes to mind as a recommendation to what the business managers and executives should have for an attitude. The Internet, rapid travel capability, satellite-based communications, and corporate expansion into the level of the transnational have all contributed to devising our local realms more globally connected, shrinking our world and folding us all close r unitedly with other people of sometimes very different culture and perspective.It is widely agreed that the captious cypher for companies to succeed in global competition is effective development of global managers and executives (Pucik, 2000 Bartlett & Ghoshal, 2000 Evans, 2000 Tichy & Sherman, 2003 Gates, 2001). However, in management development literature, there seems to be a great deal of confusion about the meaning of discordant experimental conditions defining expatriate/international/global managers. In an effort to clarify the differences between the expatriate and the global manager, this article explores the definitions of the two concepts, and explains the differences in behaviors, competencies, and characteristics of the two types of managers. The article also identifies and compares the human resource practices needed for an effective development of the expatriate and global managers. Building and sustaining organizational capabilities for global operations is a critical challenge for most globalizing firms (Nohria & Ghoshal, 2001). Meeting this challenge requires changes in cognitive processes through which managers frame business problems (Murtha, Lenway & Bagozzi, 2000). Global thinking places high value on sharing information, knowledge, and experience across national, functional, and business boundaries and on equilibrise competing country, business, and functional priorities that emerge in the globalization process. This set of attitudes is often described as global mindset. The strain on the mindset helps to differentiate between expatriate (international) and global managers. The definition of an expatriate/international manager is linked to the location of the assignment whereas the global manager is defined by his or her frame of mind. The term expatriate (or international) manager defines an executive who is able to assume a Management position fulfilling

ECE 330 Assignments 1 & 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ECE 330 Assignments 1 & 2 - Essay ExampleRecently, there have been cases of Ebola, a disease, bug outbreak in the world. There have been reported cases of Ebola in the United States of America. The case of Ebola is a good example of bare-assed information that has had to pass through my adult male memory system. The disease is quite dangerous and is spread by direct contact with infected persons. Storing of this in the raw information and organizing it in my memory, is a process which is systematic. Ebola being a disease had to be stored next to other similar words which are diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus and STIS. My human memory system then broke down this information further by classifying Ebola as an infectious disease that is spread by direct contact with an infected persons snag or fluids. This information was, thus, stored next to other infectious diseases, for example, HIV. The new information gained about Ebola was stored in my immense term memory becaus e I paid more fear to the information by reading it often.The human memory system is made up of three main elements or three memories. They are the sensorial, working(a) and long term memories. Information that is gathered is normally stored in any of the three memories (Schater et al, 2010). When Ebola broke out in Africa, it was just simple news to me since I dont reside in Africa. This new information was first stored in my sensory memory. Information gathered by our senses is first stored in the sensory memory on a temporary basis. One is able to decide whether to pay more attention to the information and transfer it to our working memory for processing or dismiss the information. In this case, I dismissed the information since it was an outbreak that was affecting only one continent. This new information was not stored.The disease, however, appeared again on the news. It had spread to America. I was compiled to pay more attention. The new information was first stored in the sensory

Human perception on gambling and investing (online sports betting and Essay

Human perception on gambling and investing (online sports betting and day trading) - Essay Example---------- has contributed greatly to making me the mortal that I am today.I express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, ------------ whose guidance and wisdom helped me to give a persistent shape to my material, and remain confident and optimistic throughout the entire process. His ability to incessantly identify the lacunae in my writing, served to challenge my thinking his critical passion and intellectual humor encouraged me to keep pushing myself to the limits of my ability. If it were not for his positive attitude and encouragement, this dissertation would not have been completed.I would like to thank --------------- for her creative press and immense generosity, and the support and trust that she had reposed in me throughout the years spent at -------, and for all the functional advice and thoughts, and for all the time that she had spent on talking and discussing various subjects with me.In addition, I would like to specifically thank the----------------- and his colleagues for their support, for the time spent on discussing my subject and area of interest, for all the advice and directions given in companionship to sharpen my ideas and construct my dissertation topic, and also for their unreserved sharing of knowledge with me.I have profited greatly from ----------, who helped me to develop my ideas at the initial stage of the ------ program. I was lucky to have met him at the beginning of the ---------- studies enchantment I was still struggling with my first drafts forms. He was able to understand, much before I could, as to the objective of my thesis and what I was attempting to convey. He gave me the courage and inspiration, and also taught me to love the research and writing process.I am especially grateful to ----------------- ., first, for the impetus that she imparted to me, in order to take up the program and secondly for always

The Governments Influence on Training and Development Case Study

The Governments Influence on Training and Development - Case Study ExampleSmithers (1993) and Green (1995) go for outlined similar critiques based on external comparisons and, more recently, Prais (1995) has pointed to the inadequacy of reforms in the National vocational Qualification (NVQ) arrangement arguing that external testing of the individual candidate to ensure reliability and marketability of the qualification, largeness of vocational field to promote flexibility, written components of examinations to encourage mastery of general principles--are all now slight adequate in Britain following NCVQ reforms than they used to be, and are far from accepted Continental procedures. (pp. 105-106).Although the NCVQ is now defunct--having been subsumed under(a) the new overarching Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) in October 1997 ( plane section for Education and Employment, 1997)--its agenda established through the promotion of NVQs is tranquillize very much alive an d continues to influence policy and practice. Indeed, at a time when our VET and qualifications system is undergoing radical structural reform following a number of critical reports, NVQs are, incredibly enough, being exported elsewhere (Educa, 1997a Carvel, 1997). Just as we imported from the USA competence-based education and training (CBET) as a model for NVQs (Hyland, 1994a, b) in the 1980s and the idea of private industry councils as a blueprint for Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) in the 1990s (Evans, 1992) at a time when they were failing and being abandoned in their country of origin, so Britain is currently trying to sell a failed and discredited NVQ system to unsuspecting overseas countries. It is important that such(prenominal) activities are challenged and criticised both in the interests of professional ethics in VET practice and, perhaps more significantly, in accordance with the spirit of the United Nations quest for harmony in international relations. At an in ternational conference held in London in November 1997, the British Council--through its agency British Training International and with Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) approval--was openly and unashamedly seeking to sell the NVQ system to countries from all over the world. oratory in support of this project, the Education and Employment Secretary, David Blunkett, referred to NVQs as one of Britains best-kept secrets (Carvel, 1997, p. 13). This was a rather unfortunate and ironic election of words by Mr Blunkett since the actual position is that the best-kept secret about NVQs--at least until relatively recently--has been the fact that they have failed, comprehensively and spectacularly, to achieve any of the objectives set for them. As a way of challenging the idea of NVQ exports, it is worth bring out some of the main weaknesses and shortcomings of the system.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in action Article

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in action - Article ExampleKellogg has had a rich history of corporate companionable responsibility which is designed to address the challenges posed by the high-voltage external environment. The company has been involved in a wide range of activities and initiatives which are aimed at enhancing the eccentric of life both within and beyond the organization. In terms of activities internal to the organization, Kellogg encourages employee volunteerism, presss diversity at exercise place and ensures a healthy and safe workplace. It ensures provision and sale of nutritious product in a bid to promote healthy living for all its customers.As a part of its CSR initiatives Kellogg contributes to various institutions which promote healthy living and food consumption among its customers. This includes contribution of funds to YMCAs Activate America campaign, Action for ruddy Kids initiative which is involved in reducing obesity among kids the Kellogg s Swim Active program which provides swimming facilities to youngsters in the UK, as part of its mission to promote healthy lifestyles the Global FoodBanking Network which is actively involved in providing hunger-relief to various countries across the world etc., among many others.The motto of the company indicates a strong neighborly commitment as an inherent aspect of its trade, a tradition which the management has followed since over a hundred years. Its dedicated efforts to ensure a safe and healthy environment for its workforce, promotion of equality and diversity at workplace, a dedicated commitment to conserve and protect natural resources for promoting sustainable growth and a broad social goal of ensuring well being of the community at large, as a part of its corporate social responsibility strategy, helped the company gain widespread acclaim and support. It helped the company in creating a positive reputation in the market, and in generating goodwill among its investors . The company

MGT5780 Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT5780 Final Exam - Assignment suitIn addition, there is no formal training program for attend managers. In most cases, they check from experiences and failures in management of projects. As such, there is little known about project management. This makes the profession neediness people who have the dream to be part of it. The managers, therefore, accidentally become part of the project and after a project manager with only the ad hoc training. Since project management is necessary, measures should be made to chew over this importance in how companies handle project management as a profession (Meredith & Mantel, 2012).Figure 2 represents the types of managers and how they are affected by politics. I would place myself in the category of politically sensible project manager. Politics is important in life as they are in the project. It is through the politics that projects that promote the community are established funded and supported. To further the goals of the project, politi c consciousness is a necessity. This does not however soaked dependent on politics or taking advantage of politics (Meredith & Mantel, 2012). Project management gouge be ruined by poor politics and in some cases, political figures may take care to support projects that favor their course without regard to the project objectives. Overdependence on politics, therefore, makes the politicians use a project as a vehicle to realize personal goals after which they abandon the project.Of the 12 guidelines proposed in the case study, those that can be said to be related to the need to understand the reasons for a project are appreciation the context of a project, understanding the needs of all the project stakeholders, understanding the meaning of success in the context of the project and remembering what you are trying to achieve. This is a crucial category of guidelines as they suspensor the project manager to establish a course to follow and objectives to meet in the course (Meredit h & Mantel, 2012). In

The Comparison of Transition from Dictatorship to Democracy in Brazil Essay

The similitude of Transition from Dictatorship to Democracy in Brazil (1964) and Argentina (1976) - Essay ExampleThe transition to nation in Brazil was viewed as a form of lib epochlization as it was preoccupied with the form of legitimacy. The process of democracy was able to achieve divers(a) goals within the civil society. These achievements were later referred to as Brazilian miracle with the progression of sustained economic growth and development (Stepan, 36)Unlike the Brazilian military era, the Argentine military era did not last for a long period as it collapsed as a result of various forms of divisions and incompetence. In this case the promise of liberation by the military regime failed to take off or deliver any tangible results. Major divisions were experienced in its ranks due to a weak index confidence leading to its down fall. The unity of the military was also in question and therefore was considered as a contributing factor to this failure in terms of transiti on from dictatorship to democratic compositors case of governance (Pion-Berlin,

Human Resource Management in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Resource Management in atomic number 63 - Essay Example1998 Roderiguez and Ventura, 2003). The difference in perspective on the value of people in organizations and the inclemency of HRM, curiously in non-Western Countries may be best understood in terms of the concept of locus of human value (Jackson et al., 2003). Jackson et al. (2003) came up with conceptual map of international organization and human resourcefulness management in different countries.HRM as a concept emerged in the mid-1980 in the US when deuce models-the Harvard framework (Beer et al. 1984) and the Michigan Model (Fombrun et al., 1984) were produced. Harvard model is also known as soft model of HRM / Harvard routine of HRM / multiple stakeholders model, argues that human resource policies are to be influenced by two significant considerations (1) Situational factors The internal and impertinent environmental factor of the organizations that include (i) labour commercialise conditions (ii) societal Val ues (iii) business strategies (iv) technologies (v) managerial philosophies and (vi) market conditions will constrain the formation of HRM policies. (2) Stakeholders interests. The stakeholders influence the short-tern HRM policies. They include (i) management employees (ii) unions and (iii) govt. agencies. Further, the model classifies HRM policies and practices in to four themes as follows HR flows, Recruitment, selection, placement, appraisal and assessment, promotion, termination and the like. The Harvard model has existed considerable influence over the theory and practice of HRM, particularly as a result of its contention that strategy is the concern of management in general quite a than a personnel function in particular (Armstrong, 1999). The Michigan Model has a harder, less humanistic touch, holding that employees are resources in the same behavior as any other business resource. They must be obtained (i) as cheaply as possible (ii) used sparingly and (iii) developed a nd exploited as much as possible. John Storey (1987) termed it as utilitarian instrumentalism. The hard model of HRM focuses on the important importance of the close integration of HR policies, systems and activities with business strategies on HR system to achieve the strategical objectives oh the organization. This model emphasized the quantitative strategic business aspects of managing the headcount resource, in a rational way (Storey, 1987). The Michigan theorist highlighted the following as being the most important HR issues to achieve much(prenominal) a match. Selection of the most suitable people to meet business needs, Performance in the followers of business objectives, appraisal, monitoring performance and providing feed back to the organization and its employee, Rewards for appropriate performance development of skills and experience required to meet business objectives. The essential features of their model are that it is focused on individual and organisational pe rformance is based on strategic control, organizational structure, system for managing people concentrates on managing human assets to achieve strategic goals contributes to human resource

The Strong Form of Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay

The Strong Form of Efficient marketplace scheme - Essay ExampleThis valuation may seem too obvious to day, but prior to the efficient market hypothesis in the 1900s, it was not so self-evident. In recent times however, the Efficient Market Hypothesis is subject to minute re-examination and trial in the paradigms of financial market research (Russel and Torbey, 200127). Primary evidence shows that the initial confidence of the construct of Efficient Market Hypothesis is misplaced. concord to observations, Efficient Market Hypothesis based financial residuum models do not depict the actual trading operations in the world. Indeed, numerous inconsistent results and anomalies regard refinement of the current paradigms. This paper presents a critical analysis on the validity of Efficient Market Hypothesis strong form based on existing evidence. Within the realms of finance, Efficient Market Hypothesis reiterates that there is efficient development in financial markets, that assets traded in the financial markets such as bonds, property, or stocks, reflect all the known and relevant information. In this regard therefore, there is no bias since the information present reflects the collective beliefs of involved investors concerning future expectations and prospects. The Effective Market Hypothesis states that in a financial market with effective information, it is impossible to outperform that market using known information, with the exception of lack (Palan, 201124). According to the hypothesis, news or information refers to anything capable of affecting the current market prices.

Persuasive Essay Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Essay EssayAt least 11% of women smoke during maternalism. Many of these women smoke without knowing the signifi toilettet negative effects bullet has on their babies before, during, and subsequently the pregnancy. When a woman smokes during pregnancy, she exposes her plunder to dangerous chemicals such as tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and other poisonous chemicals that travels finished the bloodstream and goes directly to the muff. Nicotine restricts the oxygen through the blood vessels throughout the body, including those leading to the umbilical cord. There be more than 4,000 chemicals in cig bettes.Among these chemicals, thither are life-threatening issues that can happen while smoking during a womans pregnancy and afterward the babies are born. grass while pregnant has many undestroyable effects on the convey as well as the child? On average, a smoking carriage who smokes a pack a day will reduce about half a strike of baby weight. Stunning a babys growth while in the womb can have negative consequences that last a life date. With a baby being underweight at the time of birth could mean the babys lungs have not fully developed which would lead to their premier(prenominal) few days or weeks of life on a respirator to help the baby breath.However, after the baby has the ability to breathe their still susceptible to asthma. The combined effect of premature delivery and start birth rate has shown ten percent of these babies suffer from Infant respiratory Distress Syndrome. Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome is when their lungs have not developed a normal surface tact coating and the piece of cake sacs collapse. One of the most practiced effects and risks of smoking while pregnant is ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus.In all cases the baby will not live if this occurs there are not enough nutrients for a fetus to survive anywhere besides the womb. When the detec tion of an ectopic pregnancy is confirmed, it is treated through medication and surgery. In both cases it is termination of the baby to prevent executable death of both the baby and mother. Placental abruption is another fact that happens from smoking during pregnancy. It is the separation of the placenta from the skirt of the uterus. The baby is deprived of oxygen and nutrients when a placental abruption is detected.The mother can in like manner roll in the hay life-threatening bleeding. A stillbirth is the death of a fetus that occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is also an occurrence that can happen from smoking during pregnancy. Stillbirth can be very painful emotionally because the baby still has to be delivered. After the pregnancy is over, and the baby has been delivered, the smoking may have still caused hurt to the baby. Smoking during a pregnancy can have an effect on the babys brain. Children of mothers who smoke during pregnancy are potential to have learning d isorders, behavioral problems and relatively low IQs.Children of smokers also have less muscle mass and fatter than a child of a non- smoker. Cleft is a fault in the body structure that results from incomplete closing of a specific structure during development. Clefts that occur from smoking during pregnancy usually occur orally. Cleft sassing is a complete opening at the lip extending into the bottom of the nose. Cleft palate is an opening at the front roof of the mouth extending to the back of the mouth. Smoking during pregnancy can also cause babies to be born prematurely.Premature birth is a serious health problem. Long-lasting disabilities such as breathing problems, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, lung problems, hearing, and vision loss are health problems that can occur from premature birth. Mothers who smoke during and after pregnancy are more likely of losing their babies to SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). SIDS is the sudden unexplained death of an infant younger than virtuoso year of age. Occurring without warning, SIDS can happen to babies who seem perfectly normal.In conclusion, once a baby is born with damages caused by smoking, it is too late. There is a lifetime of regret on the mother and the suffering of the child can be tremendous. Women should quit smoking before their baby is conceived. The sooner a woman quits smoking, the better her chances are of having a healthier pregnancy for herself and the baby. To quit smoking is a hard task to do, but the awareness of the effects of smoking during a pregnancy should persuade a woman to quit smoking before, during and after the pregnancy.